东部老区三维地震观测系统评价设计方法研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 11:19

本文选题：东部老区　切入点：三维地震　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：东部老区目前已全部处于开发勘探阶段,由于老区目前的开发难点是如何提高地震资料纵横向分辨率,满足越来越隐蔽的油气藏勘探要求,提高注采成功率。为此,近几年针对东部老区开发地震的观测系统横向采样密度越来越大,成本越来越高。但是这些观测系统参数的变化对该地区的地震资料信噪比、分辨率以及对地质目标的成像有多大作用,并没有理论指导和依据。因此,对于研究各个观测系统参数的变化对于地震资料质量以及反映地质特征的影响程度大小是非常有必要的,从而可以更加深入的认识和分析如何更有效的设计观测系统。在观测系统设计与优化中,部分研究学者提出了 “退化处理”这一思想展开了一定的试验与研究,对高密度的地震观测系统的参数进行退化,将退化数据的剖面、地震波振幅、频率、地震属性等与原始数据相对比,得到观测系统退化所产生的影响,对更有效的设计观测系统提供指导。论文首先在详细了解研究区概况与详细分析了研究区地震资料的基础上,进行了针对研究区地震地质特征的观测系统参数论证,根据理论分析结果与对实际观测系统的考察分析,设计了均匀减少炮数、扩大炮点距和炮线距、扩大道距和检波线距三种退化方案。对退化数据分别从叠加剖面效果,信噪比、主频、平均绝对振幅三种统计属性,频谱分析,断层识别以及反演储层识别四个大的方面,通过量化的方式对这些参数的变化对地震资料的质量以及成像的影响进行综合全面的评价与总结。针对于东部老区的高信噪比地震资料,通过对其原始与退化的三维观测系统进行多种方式的分析评价,分别在炮退化程度与剖面质量变差速率以及研究区的炮退化临界数量,炮点距与炮线距退化的各自特征表现以及敏感性差异,面元变化在剖面信噪比与分辨率方面的影响效果三方面取得了量化评价结果。
[Abstract]:At present, all the old areas in the east of China are in the stage of exploitation and exploration. The difficulty in the development of the old areas is how to improve the vertical and horizontal resolution of seismic data, to meet the requirements of more and more subtle exploration for oil and gas reservoirs, and to improve the success rate of injection and production. In recent years, the transverse sampling density and the cost of seismic observation systems developed in the old areas of eastern China are increasing, but the variation of the parameters of these observation systems is of great significance to the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data in this area. There is no theoretical guidance or basis for resolution and how useful the imaging of geological targets is. It is necessary to study the variation of the parameters of various observation systems for the quality of seismic data and the degree of influence to reflect geological characteristics. In the design and optimization of the observation system, some researchers put forward the idea of "degeneracy treatment" and carried out some experiments and studies. The parameters of the high-density seismic observation system are degraded, and the effects of the degradation of the observation system are obtained by comparing the profile of the degraded data, the amplitude of the seismic wave, the frequency, the seismic attribute and so on with the original data. First of all, based on the detailed understanding of the general situation of the study area and the detailed analysis of the seismic data in the study area, the parameters of the observation system for the seismic geological characteristics of the study area are demonstrated. According to the theoretical analysis results and the investigation and analysis of the actual observation system, three degenerative schemes are designed to reduce the number of guns uniformly, to enlarge the shot point distance and the shot line distance, to expand the trace distance and the detection line distance, respectively, for the degradation data from stacking profile effect, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Main frequency, average absolute amplitude, three statistical attributes, spectrum analysis, fault identification and inversion reservoir identification, The effects of these parameters on the quality of seismic data and imaging are evaluated and summarized in a quantitative way. In view of the high signal-to-noise ratio seismic data in the old areas of eastern China, Through the analysis and evaluation of the original and degraded 3D observation system, the critical quantity of gun degradation in the study area is obtained, respectively, in terms of the degradation degree of the gun and the rate of deterioration of the profile quality, as well as the critical quantity of the degradation of the gun in the study area. Quantitative evaluation results have been obtained in three aspects: the characteristics and sensitivity of the degradation of shot distance and shot distance, and the effect of panel variation on the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the profile.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P631.4

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