矿用超级电容电机车永磁同步电机控制系统研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 06:01

本文选题：矿用电机车　切入点：永磁同步电机　出处：《安徽理工大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：矿用电机车是煤矿生产运输过程中的常用设备,其工作性能和安全性能直接关系到企业的经济效益。传统的电机车多采用铅酸蓄电池作为驱动电源,但其具有体积大、续航能力差、充电时间长、维护工作麻烦等缺点,迫切需要性能更高使用更安全的电源来替代。近年来随着矢量控制技术的日益成熟,电机车控制系统多采用矢量控制,其控制的关键问题在于如何准确获取转子的角度和速度。本文以超级电容矿用电机车矢量控制系统为对象,重点研究系统无传感器控制的实现。本文首先介绍了电机车永磁同步电机的结构,建立了永磁同步电机的数学模型,并对永磁同步电机矢量控制系统进行分析,最终确定id=0控制方式为系统矢量控制方式。系统矢量控制的核心是如何准确获取转子位置信息,针对基于基波激励的检测方法对电机参数依赖、低速时准确度差的问题,确定了注入高频旋转电压,通过其响应电流来提取转子信号的方法对转子角度和速度进行检测。该方法主要由注入高频电压信号、提取高频响应负序电流、观测转子位置信号这几个步骤组成。在对响应电流的滤波处理环节,为避免滤波后信号的相位滞后和幅值衰减问题,本文中没有采用带阻滤波器和带通滤波器,而是选用了由高通滤波器组成的滤波环节,采用同步轴系滤波方式,减少信号失真和信号的偏移。转子信号观测本文则采用龙贝格观测器,对其结构进行适当的改善,使其能更准确地得到转子角度和速度。此外由于高频电流响应信号中转子信号是以两倍频率的形式存在的,需要对转子初始位置进一步检测,本文介绍了利用转子铁芯饱和效应确定转子磁极的具体方法,使高频信号检测法的结果更加精确。对于矿用电机车的驱动电源,本文选用超级电容器来代替铅酸蓄电池,将两者进行对比,从循环效率、续航能力等方面进行了分析比较。此外还介绍超级电容器的充电方法,以及实际应用中使用和维护方法。基于以上所做的研究,搭建了矿用电机车永磁同步电机矢量控制系统的Matlab仿真模型,对转子初始位置检测和转子角度速度检测以及矢量控制策略进行了验证。最后设计了系统的软硬件部分,仿真和实验表明,采用高频电压信号注入的无传感器矢量控制方法准确有效,能够满足矿用电机车的运行需要。
[Abstract]:Mine electric locomotive is a common equipment in the process of coal mine production and transportation. Its working performance and safety performance are directly related to the economic benefits of enterprises. Traditional electric locomotives often use lead-acid batteries as driving power, but their size is large. In recent years, with the increasing maturity of vector control technology, the electric locomotive control system adopts vector control, because of its disadvantages such as poor endurance, long charging time, trouble in maintenance, and so on, so it is urgent to use more safe power source to replace it. The key problem of the control is how to accurately obtain the angle and speed of the rotor. In this paper, the structure of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) of electric locomotive is introduced, the mathematical model of PMSM is established, and the vector control system of PMSM is analyzed. The key of the system vector control is how to obtain the rotor position information accurately, aiming at the problem that the detection method based on the fundamental excitation depends on the motor parameters and the accuracy is poor at low speed. The rotor angle and velocity are detected by the method of extracting rotor signal by its response current, which is mainly composed of high frequency input voltage signal and negative sequence current of high frequency response. In order to avoid the phase lag and amplitude attenuation of the filtered signal, there are no bandstop filters and bandpass filters in this paper. Instead, the filter link composed of high-pass filter is selected, and the synchronous shafting filter is adopted to reduce the distortion and deviation of the signal. In this paper, the Romberg observer is used for rotor signal observation, and the structure of the filter is improved appropriately. In addition, since the rotor signal in the high frequency current response signal is in the form of double frequency, the initial position of the rotor needs to be further detected. This paper introduces the method of determining rotor magnetic pole by using the saturation effect of rotor core, which makes the result of high frequency signal detection more accurate. For the driving power supply of mine electric locomotive, supercapacitor is used instead of lead-acid battery in this paper. In addition, the charging methods of supercapacitors, as well as the methods used and maintained in practical applications, are also introduced. The Matlab simulation model of permanent magnet synchronous motor vector control system for mine electric locomotive is built, and the initial rotor position detection, rotor angle and speed detection and vector control strategy are verified. Finally, the software and hardware parts of the system are designed. Simulation and experiments show that the sensorless vector control method with high frequency voltage signal injection is accurate and effective and can meet the needs of mine electric locomotive.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TD64;TM341

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