大同矿区多煤层组重叠开采矿压显现规律及控制技术

发布时间：2018-03-29 10:46

本文选题：煤层群　切入点：矿压显现　出处：《辽宁工程技术大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：大同矿区侏罗系与石炭系多煤层组重叠开采,且上部侏罗系煤层群开采历史悠久、开采形式多样,导致侏罗系下部煤层及石炭系特厚煤层开采过程中,均表现出强烈矿压显现,顶板维护困难。为此,针对大同矿区“双系”煤层群赋存特征与开采条件,采用现场调研、理论分析、相似模拟实验、现场观测等研究方法,分别对侏罗系近距离煤层群、石炭系特厚煤层开采工作面矿压显现规律及控制技术进行研究。主要研究成果如下：建立了煤层群开采应力与形变的迭代关联模型,给出了煤层群覆岩应力与形变的演化分析原理及方法。以上部支承煤柱作为影响下部煤层开采的典型应力单元,给出了覆岩非充分垮落、充分垮落条件下的煤柱集中应力计算方法,并对多层煤柱的叠加应力传递机理进行理论分析；将煤层群开采过程中的岩层垮落形变分为静态形变与动态形变,建立了煤层群开采覆岩动态形变分析模型,分别对顶板结构稳定、失稳条件下的岩层垮落形变进行理论分析；将岩层垮落形成的渗漏空间统一作为贯通带,分别对单一采场和多采场开采条件下的贯通带发育高度进行理论分析。基于大量不同材料配比的试件抗压强度、抗拉强度测试,以相似模拟实验方法,研究大同矿区多煤层组重叠开采覆岩位移、裂隙及应力演化分布规律。“双系”煤层群覆岩应力与垮落形态作为耦合时变系统,随煤层复合采动经历了“平衡—失稳—平衡”循环变化过程,应力集中突出,覆岩活动剧烈,裂隙发育范围广,形成复杂的多层采空区连通状态。以永定庄煤矿8910综采工作面为典型,运用理论与现场实测分析方法,进行侏罗系近距离煤层群开采矿压显现规律及控制技术研究。分析了上覆多层煤柱叠加应力对下部近距离工作面的直接影响；揭示了集中载荷作用下综采工作面基本顶岩层的动态形变规律、矿压显现特征以及强矿压显现机理；分别对综采工作面过采空区、实体煤及过煤柱时支架的工作阻力进行研究,并采取针对性顶板控制技术,确保了综采工作面安全回采。以同忻煤矿8105综放工作面为典型,运用理论与现场实测分析方法,进行石炭系特厚煤层开采矿压显现规律及控制技术研究。分析了上覆侏罗系多层煤柱叠加应力传递规律,以及对石炭系大区域顶板岩层的能量积聚作用；揭示了集中载荷作用下顶板各关键岩层的动态形变规律,对石炭系特厚煤层开采频繁强矿压显现的诱因与机理进行分析；按“悬臂梁一铰接岩梁”结构与岩层力矩平衡分析方法确定了综放工作面支架的合理工作阻力,结合特厚煤层开采顶板控制技术,保障了综放工作面顺利推进。
[Abstract]:The superposition mining of Jurassic and Carboniferous multiple coal seams in Datong mining area, and the mining history of upper Jurassic coal seam group is long, and the mining forms are various, which results in strong rock pressure in the mining process of Jurassic lower coal seam and Carboniferous extra thick coal seam. It is difficult to maintain roof. In view of the occurrence characteristics and mining conditions of "double system" coal seam group in Datong mining area, field investigation, theoretical analysis, similar simulation experiment, field observation and other research methods are used to study the Jurassic coal seam group at close range, respectively. In this paper, the law of mine pressure behavior and its control technology are studied. The main results are as follows: the iterative correlation model of mining stress and deformation of coal seam group is established. The evolution analysis principle and method of overburden stress and deformation of coal seam group are given. The above supporting coal pillar is taken as the typical stress unit affecting the mining of the lower coal seam, and the incomplete collapse of overburden rock is given. The method of calculating the concentrated stress of coal pillar under the condition of sufficient caving, and the theoretical analysis of the mechanism of superposition stress transfer of multi-layer coal pillar are carried out, and the rock collapse deformation in the process of coal seam group mining is divided into static deformation and dynamic deformation. The dynamic deformation analysis model of overburden rock in coal seam group mining is established, and the roof collapse deformation under the condition of stable roof structure and instability is analyzed theoretically, and the seepage space formed by rock collapse is taken as the through zone. The development height of the through-zone under the condition of single stope and multi-stope mining is analyzed theoretically. Based on the test of compressive strength and tensile strength of a large number of different material ratios, the similar simulation experimental method is used. The distribution law of overburden displacement, crack and stress evolution in superimposed mining in Datong mining area is studied. The overburden stress and collapse form of "double system" coal seam group are used as coupled time-varying systems. With the complex mining of coal seam, the process of "balance, instability and equilibrium" cycle changes, the stress concentration is prominent, the overburden rock activity is intense, and the fracture has a wide range of development. The complex multilayer goaf connected state is formed. Taking Yongdingzhuang coal mine 8910 fully mechanized mining face as a typical example, the theory and field measurement analysis method are used. The rock pressure behavior and control technology of Jurassic coal seam group are studied and the direct influence of superposition stress of overlying multi-layer coal pillar on the lower coal face is analyzed. This paper reveals the dynamic deformation law of the basic roof strata, the characteristics of the rock pressure behavior and the mechanism of the strong mine pressure behavior under the action of concentrated load, and studies the working resistance of the support in the overgoaf, solid coal and coal pillar of the fully mechanized mining face, respectively. Taking the 8105 fully mechanized caving face of Tongxin Coal Mine as a typical example, the method of theoretical and field measurement analysis is used to ensure the safe mining of fully mechanized mining face. In this paper, the law of rock pressure behavior and its control technology in Carboniferous extra thick coal seam mining are studied. The superposition stress transfer law of superimposed Jurassic multi-layer coal pillar and the effect of energy accumulation on the roof strata in large area of Carboniferous system are analyzed. The dynamic deformation law of the key strata of roof under concentrated load is revealed, and the inducement and mechanism of frequent strong rock pressure in Carboniferous thick coal seam mining are analyzed. According to the balance analysis method of "cantilever beam-hinged rock beam" and the moment of rock stratum, the reasonable working resistance of the support in fully mechanized caving face is determined. Combined with the roof control technology of the extra thick coal seam, the smooth advance of the fully mechanized caving face is ensured.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁工程技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD323

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