基于多源数据的临汾市活动断层分析与三维建模

发布时间：2018-03-29 15:17

本文选题：三维模型　切入点：活动断层　出处：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：活动断层是引起城市范围内的直下型地震灾害的主要原因,活动断层的研究可为政府制定防震减灾工作提供科学依据,与民众的生命财产安全息息相关。本文选取山西省临汾市作为研究区,利用野外地质调查、钻探、地球物理勘探、槽探与化探等多源勘查数据对研究区内的断层活动性进行分析,综合利用分析结果与活动断层勘探数据进行活动断层三维建模,形成活动断层与地层融合的三维模型,并对模型进行了空间分析与三维可视化展示。论文的主要研究内容与成果如下:(1)分析研究区内主要断层的分布情况及最新活动年代。针对研究区内存在主要的7条断层,利用钻孔数据、浅层地震勘探数据、钻孔联合剖面数据等对分析了断层在地层中的分布和对地层的错断情况,对原本推测的断层位置进行了修正;通过地层年代鉴定、地层对比分析、断点的空间位置确定,判断了 7条断层的最新活动年代,确定了至今还在活动的断层。(2)构建活动断层的三维曲面模型。利用活动断层多源勘探数据,结合探测数据的分析结果与活动断层组成要素、时空特征、各组成要素之间的空间关系,研究制定了构建活动断层三维曲面模型的空间数据模型;基于空间数据模型与GOCAD建模平台构建了活动断层模型的各类地质界面;根据活动断层的特点,采用迭代建模,逐步求精思路对支撑活动断层三维曲面构建的空间数据模型、各类地质界面模型进行多次修正,直至达到精度要求;在此基础上,按照地质体的年代由新到老、结构由简单到复杂的顺序,分别利用断层面、地层界面与其它各地质界面围成的封闭空间转换成各地质体对应的三维曲面模型。(3)构建活动断层的三维实体模型。利用边长为50m的立方体作为空间插值体元,对各地质体的面模型进行内部填充及其属性赋值,使面模型转化为体模型。利用各地质实体模型间具有的逻辑计算功能,通过整体减去局部再反选的方式构建出研究区内活动断层的整体三维实体模型。
[Abstract]:Active fault is the main cause of earthquake disaster in urban area. The study of active fault can provide scientific basis for the government to formulate earthquake prevention and disaster reduction work. This paper selects Linfen City of Shanxi Province as the research area, using field geological survey, drilling, geophysical exploration, Multi-source exploration data, such as trough exploration and geochemical exploration, are used to analyze the fault activity in the study area. Using the analysis results and the active fault exploration data, the 3D model of active fault is built to form a 3D model of active fault and stratum fusion. The main contents and results of this paper are as follows: 1) analyzing the distribution of the main faults in the study area and the latest active years. In view of the existence of 7 main faults in the study area, By using drilling data, shallow seismic exploration data and combined borehole profile data, the distribution of faults in strata and fault fault of strata are analyzed, and the original presumed fault location is corrected. Stratigraphic correlation analysis, spatial location determination of fault points, judging the latest active age of 7 faults, determining the 3D surface model of active faults, which are still active up to now, making use of active fault multi-source exploration data, According to the analysis results of the survey data and the elements of active fault, space-time characteristics, and the spatial relationship among the elements, the spatial data model for constructing the 3D surface model of active fault is developed. Based on spatial data model and GOCAD modeling platform, all kinds of geological interfaces of active fault model are constructed, according to the characteristics of active fault, the spatial data model of supporting active fault 3D surface is constructed by iterative modeling, step by step refinement. All kinds of geological interface models have been revised many times until the accuracy requirement is reached. On this basis, according to the chronology of geological bodies from new to old and the structure from simple to complex, fault plane is used separately. The closed space between the stratigraphic interface and the other geological interfaces is transformed into a 3D surface model corresponding to the various plastids. The 3D solid model of the active fault is constructed. The cubic with a side length of 50 m is used as the spatial interpolation volume element. The surface model of the local plastids is filled in and assigned with its attributes, so that the surface model can be transformed into a body model, and the logical calculation function among the local qualitative entity models can be utilized. The whole 3D solid model of active faults in the study area is constructed by subtracting the whole part from the local re-election.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P315.2;P628

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