基于光纤光栅传感的螺纹钻杆复合载荷检测技术

发布时间：2018-04-01 17:37

本文选题：光纤光栅传感　切入点：螺纹钻杆　出处：《合肥工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,螺纹钻杆广泛应用于地矿钻探工程中。钻进过程中,螺纹钻杆将受到轴向压力、弯矩和扭矩的复合载荷作用,复合载荷过大会引起螺纹钻杆变形甚至断裂,因此必须选择可行的检测方法及合适的传感器对其进行分离与在线检测。传统的电学传感器不适合用于对钻进过程中螺纹钻杆的复合载荷进行检测,而光纤光栅(FBG)传感器作为一种新型光学传感器,不仅克服了电学传感器的缺点,且具有体积小、灵敏度高和易复用成网络等优点,在实际工程中的应用也越来越广泛。通过FBG传感器对螺纹钻杆的复合载荷进行在线检测,对确保螺纹钻杆所在机械系统的稳定安全高效地运行具有十分重要的意义。本文基于ANSYS有限元仿真,对螺纹钻杆所受复合载荷进行分析,并在钻进过程中对其进行在线检测。本文研究的内容主要包括以下几个方面:1.首先介绍了光纤光栅传感技术的发展概况与应用现状,并分析了国内外对复合载荷的检测现状。2.系统分析了光纤光栅的传感原理,提出了对FBG应变传感器的温度补偿方法,介绍了螺纹钻杆所受复合载荷的分离原理以及修正方法,最后简介了检测所使用的传感系统。3.在ANYSY软件中,通过对复合载荷作用下螺纹钻杆受力状态仿真分析,得到了螺纹钻杆的应力分布情况,轴向应力修正值和切向应力修正系数,并确定螺纹钻杆的检测节点位置。4.利用Lab VIEW软件结合光纤光栅传感原理、温度补偿原理及螺纹钻杆复合载荷分离原理,编写出可以进行螺纹钻杆上单节点复合载荷测量插件和三节点复合载荷在线检测的插件。5.对螺纹钻杆所受复合载荷进行了单节点测量,验证了检测方法的可行性。并对钻进过程中螺纹钻杆所受到的复合载荷进行了三节点在线检测,与电机施加的载荷(压力和扭矩)进行对比分析,发现螺纹钻杆前端(靠近钻头一侧)受到被钻物侧向挤压和摩擦作用较大,使得电机施加的载荷传递损耗较多,易出现磨损、变形乃至损坏;而钻进过程中螺纹钻杆中端和末端只是短暂甚至未进入被钻物,传递损耗相对较少,受到弯矩的影响较大。该检测技术为钻杆机构优化、钻进参数的确定提供技术支撑,为工程现场的复合载荷在线提供了一种新的可行性方法。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the threaded drill pipe has been widely used in geological drilling engineering. During drilling, the threaded drill pipe will be subjected to the combined load of axial pressure, bending moment and torque, and the composite load will cause deformation and even fracture of the threaded drill pipe. Therefore, it is necessary to select feasible detection methods and appropriate sensors for separation and on-line detection. Traditional electrical sensors are not suitable for detecting the composite loads of threaded drill pipes during drilling. As a new type of optical sensor, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor not only overcomes the disadvantages of electrical sensor, but also has the advantages of small size, high sensitivity and easy to be reused into network. It is also widely used in practical engineering. The composite load of threaded drill pipe is measured online by FBG sensor. It is of great significance to ensure the stable, safe and efficient operation of the mechanical system in which the threaded drill pipe is located. Based on the ANSYS finite element simulation, the composite load of the threaded drill pipe is analyzed in this paper. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. Firstly, the development and application of fiber Bragg grating sensing technology are introduced. The sensing principle of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is analyzed systematically, the temperature compensation method of FBG strain sensor is put forward, and the separation principle and correction method of composite load on threaded drill pipe are introduced. Finally, the sensing system used in the test is briefly introduced. In ANYSY software, the stress distribution, axial stress correction value and tangential stress correction coefficient of the threaded drill pipe are obtained by simulating and analyzing the stress state of the threaded drill pipe under the combined load. The detection node position of thread drill pipe is determined. 4. The principle of fiber Bragg grating sensing, the principle of temperature compensation and the separation principle of composite load of threaded drill pipe are combined with Lab VIEW software. The single node composite load measuring plug-in and the three node composite load on-line measuring plug-in. 5. The single node composite load measurement of the thread drill pipe is carried out, which can be used to measure the single node composite load on the threaded drill pipe. The feasibility of the testing method is verified, and the composite load of the threaded drill pipe during drilling is tested by three nodes on-line, and compared with the load (pressure and torque) applied by the motor. It is found that the front end of the threaded drill pipe (near the bit side) is subjected to the lateral extrusion and friction of the drill, which makes the load transfer loss of the motor more, and it is easy to appear wear, deformation and even damage. During drilling, the middle end and end of the threaded drill pipe only briefly or not enter the object to be drilled, and the transmission loss is relatively small, which is greatly influenced by bending moment. This technology provides technical support for the optimization of drill pipe mechanism and the determination of drilling parameters. It provides a new feasible method for on-line composite load of engineering site.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P634.3

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