黔东南施秉地区遥感地质解译与构造解析

发布时间：2018-04-03 10:53

本文选题：贵州施秉　切入点：区域地质　出处：《成都理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：遥感技术作为一项现代化信息技术,在地质领域应用中一直具有不可代替的重要作用。遥感图像具有宏观性、直观性、准确性等一系列特点,因此,在地层岩性辩别、构造单元解析、侵入体单元划分及新生界形成原因的分析等方面具有其独特的优势。近几十年来,遥感技术在获取地质信息(地层岩性识别、地质构造解译以及矿化蚀变信息提取等)技术方面得到长足发展。特别针对位置偏远、自然环境条件恶劣、已有地质资料少的的地区,遥感技术能够提供合理的工作部署,减少野外调查路线长度,准确提取地层岩性、地质构造等地质现象,同时能够降低工作强度,缩短工作周期,节省一定的人力、物力和财力。研究区位于贵州省施秉地区,该区域地质条件复杂、植被覆盖好、道路不畅、沟谷切割较深、岩石出露少、野外调查路线受阻、视野受限,前人未开展深入的工作。因此,本文选取该区域作为研究区,利用遥感技术,对其进行遥感地质解译,主要包括地层解译和地质构造解译,并针对解译结果开展构造特征解析。本文取得的主要研究成果与认识如下:(1)获取研究区ETM+和SPOT6影像,开展遥感影像预处理,主要包括几何校正、影像融合、影像增强、影像裁剪等方面研究处理,制作了研究区正射影像图。(2)对研究区地层、构造进行解译,确定了地层岩性、构造解译标志,完成研究区19个地层单元和区内主要构造的遥感解译,编制了遥感地质解译图和构造解译专题图。(3)依据遥感地质解译成果分析可知,研究区经历多期构造运动,不同时期、不同型式、不同序次的断层构造相互复合,联合及切割。区内主要发育断裂构造,从发育方向上分为三组,一是北东向,二是东西向,三是北西向。根据三者影像组合形态及本区断裂发育规律,三组断裂构造可以分为两个时期形成,东西向节理与东西向断层为一时期,北东向和北西向节理与北东向北西向断层为同一时期。研究区北部白垛乡以南、上翁哨村以北节理分布最为密集,且呈东西条带状,而在该区域内有钾镁煌斑岩及类似岩体呈条带状出露。因此表明,煌斑岩与东西向构造关系密切。研究区内褶皱与环形构造均出露较少,褶皱翼部受到断层切割而形态不完整,环形构造部分成因可能与断裂之间夹块有关,部分环形构造成因性质不明。(4)本次研究通过遥感一构造综合分析的实践,基本厘清了研究区的构造演化序列,对研究区内不同尺度、类型以及层次的地质构造信息进行了有效提取,充分证明遥感技术综合应用于复杂结构构造区信息的客观提取,具有突出的优越性和广阔的前景。本研究为工作区内进一步区域地质工作提供了有力依据。
[Abstract]:As a modern information technology, remote sensing technology has always played an irreplaceable role in geological application.Remote sensing images have a series of characteristics, such as macroscopical, intuitive and accurate. Therefore, remote sensing images have unique advantages in lithologic differentiation of strata, analysis of tectonic units, division of intrusive units and analysis of the causes of formation of the Cenozoic.In recent decades, remote sensing technology has made great progress in obtaining geological information (stratigraphic lithology identification, geological structure interpretation and mineralization and alteration information extraction) technology.Especially in areas where the location is remote, the natural environment is poor and there is little geological data, remote sensing technology can provide reasonable work arrangements, reduce the length of field investigation routes, accurately extract geological phenomena such as stratigraphic lithology, geological structure, etc.At the same time can reduce the intensity of work, shorten the work cycle, save a certain amount of manpower, material and financial resources.The study area is located in Shibing area of Guizhou Province. The geological conditions of the region are complex, vegetation cover is good, roads are not smooth, deep cut of valley, little rock outcrop, field investigation route is blocked, field of vision is limited, and predecessors have not carried out deep work.Therefore, this paper selects this area as the research area, and uses remote sensing technology to interpret the geological remote sensing, mainly including stratigraphic interpretation and geological structure interpretation, and carries out structural characteristics analysis in view of the interpretation results.The main research achievements and understandings in this paper are as follows: (1) obtaining ETM and SPOT6 images in the research area, developing remote sensing image preprocessing, mainly including geometric correction, image fusion, image enhancement, image clipping, and so on.A orthophoto image map of the study area is made.) the strata and structures in the study area are interpreted, the stratigraphic lithology and structural interpretation marks are determined, and the remote sensing interpretation of 19 stratigraphic units and major structures in the study area is completed.Based on the analysis of the results of remote sensing geological interpretation, we can see that the study area has experienced multiple tectonic movements, different periods, different types and different order fault structures have been combined, combined and cut with each other.The main fault structures in the area are divided into three groups, one is NE, the other is EW, and the other is NW.According to the combination of the three images and the law of fault development in this area, the three sets of fault structures can be divided into two periods: the east-west joint and the east-west fault, and the NE and NW-trending joints are the same period as the NNE-trending faults.In the northern part of the study area, to the south of Bedong Township, the joints in the north of Shangwengzuo Village are most densely distributed, and they are east-west banded, while in this area there are potassium and magnesium lamprophyres and similar rock bodies showing in striped form.Therefore, lamprophyre is closely related to the east-west trending tectonics.In the study area, there are few folds and annular structures, and the fold wing is cut by fault and the shape is incomplete. The origin of the annular structure may be related to the interlocking blocks between the faults.Based on the practice of comprehensive analysis of remote-sensing and tectonics, the tectonic evolution sequence of the study area is basically clarified. For the different scales of the study area,The types and levels of geological structure information are extracted effectively, which fully proves that remote sensing technology has outstanding advantages and broad prospects for the objective extraction of information in complex structural areas.This study provides a strong basis for further regional geological work in the work area.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P627

【参考文献】