基于矿山岩石破裂的微震信号的检测与研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 13:11

本文选题：微震监测　切入点：弹性波　出处：《昆明理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在地下环境采矿施工的过程中,当岩体内部受力平衡遭到破坏时,会造成岩体滑落、倒塌的现象,威胁到施工人员的生命安全,因此有必要采取一定的措施来加强施工人员地下施工环境的安全性。虽然有部分地下施工采矿环境中装有国外引进的微震监测系统,但是由于价格昂贵,维修不便以及维修费用高等原因,使微震监测系统无法像在国外一样得到推广和应用。而目前国外微震监测系统,也需要工作人员从PC机中进行人工识别信号,通过记录整理等一系列处理后,才能进行后续的分析,得出被测岩体破裂情况,环节比较复杂,而且所花时间长,不能及时预警。本文研究的微震监测系统,目的就是为了减少现场施工人员的工作量,及时采集和分析数据,使系统更加智能化。通过对相关微震监测项目的调研,获得大量矿山岩体破裂的微震信号数据,并用所得的数据对比声发射信号进行整理和分析,得出微震信号的特点。通过整理分析所得数据与矿山岩体的实际状况,依据声发射检测原理提出了基于微震信号的无损检测方案,并对系统中信号采集调理电路进行了设计。首先选择了型号为ULT2020的压电加速度传感器,设计了一个增益可调的前置放大器。然后由微震信号的通带范围结合有源带通滤波器原理设计了一个通带范围为100Hz～2500Hz,通带增益K=100的双二次型椭圆函数带通滤波器,以提高有效信号拾取的精确度,通过电路的仿真以及容差分析的结果可以得出滤波器满足系统所需的设计要求。在使用实际电路板测试时,主要是元件排版不合理,波形效果不太理想。最后通过总线类型为USB和以太网的数据采集卡EM9636B/BD对信号进行采集和计数,在计数预警值的选择上,通过分析了微震监测所得到的微震事件次数与岩体内部破损关系,提出了一种智能化预警方案,即颜色层次预警。
[Abstract]:In the process of underground mining construction, when the internal stress balance of rock mass is destroyed, the rock mass will fall down and collapse, which will threaten the safety of the construction personnel.Therefore, it is necessary to take certain measures to strengthen the safety of underground construction environment.Although some underground mining environment is equipped with microseismic monitoring system imported from abroad, because of high price, inconvenience of maintenance and high maintenance cost, the microseismic monitoring system can not be popularized and applied as abroad.At present, the microseismic monitoring system in foreign countries also needs staff to carry out manual identification signals from PC, after a series of processing, such as recording and sorting, can we carry out subsequent analysis, and get the fracture situation of the measured rock mass, and the link is quite complex.And it takes a long time to warn in time.The purpose of the microseismic monitoring system studied in this paper is to reduce the workload of the field construction personnel, collect and analyze the data in time, and make the system more intelligent.Through the investigation of the related microseismic monitoring project, a large number of microseismic signal data of rock mass rupture are obtained, and the characteristics of the microseismic signal are obtained by comparing the acoustic emission signal with the obtained data.According to the principle of acoustic emission detection, the nondestructive testing scheme based on microseismic signal is put forward by analyzing the data and the actual situation of mine rock mass, and the signal acquisition and conditioning circuit in the system is designed.Firstly, a piezoelectric accelerometer based on ULT2020 is selected and a preamplifier with adjustable gain is designed.Then a band-pass double quadratic elliptic function band-pass filter with a passband range of 100Hz ~ 2500Hz and pass band gain Kn100 is designed by combining the pass-band range of microseismic signal with the principle of active band-pass filter, so as to improve the accuracy of effective signal pickup.Through the simulation of the circuit and the results of tolerance analysis, it can be concluded that the filter can meet the design requirements of the system.In the use of practical circuit board testing, the main component layout is unreasonable, waveform effect is not ideal.Finally, the signal is collected and counted by data acquisition card (EM9636B/BD) with bus type USB and Ethernet. In the selection of counting and warning value, the relationship between the number of microseismic events obtained by microseismic monitoring and the internal damage of rock mass is analyzed.In this paper, an intelligent early warning scheme, namely color level early warning, is proposed.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD326

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