龙南离子型稀土矿体基本力学特性试验研究
发布时间:2018-04-04 14:31
本文选题:离子型稀土 切入点:孔隙分布 出处:《江西理工大学》2017年硕士论文
【摘要】:本文以龙南地区离子型稀土矿体为研究对象,针对原地浸矿过程中出现的重点问题,通过大量现场调研、测试和室内试验,对离子型稀土矿体的土水特性、孔隙分布、抗剪强度和蠕变特性进行了较为系统的研究和探讨,主要结论整理如下:(1)无论是原状矿体还是重塑矿体,土-水特征曲线都具有相同的变化趋势,即矿体含水量随基质吸力的增大,经历稳定不变、快速递减和缓慢减小3个过程。通过土-水特征曲线实测数据函数拟合,得出FredlundXing模型是描述该类型离子型稀土矿体低吸力段的土-水特性的最佳模型。(2)孔隙比0.92的原状矿体单位质量矿体累积孔隙总体积为0.2345cm3/g,大孔隙(r≥5μm)、中孔隙(2μm≤r≤5μm)和小孔隙(r≤2μm)体积分别占孔隙总体积的58%、15%和27%;保持原状矿体孔隙比重塑后,小孔隙体积增加约3.0%,表明相同孔隙比的原状矿体和重塑矿体在孔隙分布上有明显差异。而重塑为孔隙比0.97的矿样,小孔隙体积减少约1.0%,孔隙分布基本达到原状矿体状态。(3)离子型稀土饱和矿体的应力-应变关系呈弱软化型,稀土矿物颗粒的黏聚力对抗剪强度贡献较小,矿体的抗剪强度主要由矿物颗粒之间的摩阻力承担;随着基质吸力增大,非饱和矿体的吸附强度呈非线性增加,应力-应变关系由硬化型逐渐转变为弱软化型,而基质吸力的内摩擦角φb呈非线性减小,表明基质吸力对非饱和矿体抗剪强度的贡献是有限的。利用乘幂函数对基质吸力与吸附强度的关系进行拟合,据此提出适合龙南类型离子型稀土非饱和矿体的抗剪强度公式和有效应力表达式。(4)偏应力水平不超过50%,矿样主要产生衰减蠕变变形,且以瞬时弹性变形为主,蠕变变形量很小,矿样处于稳定状态;当偏应力水平达到70%,矿样发生非稳定蠕变,在经历减速蠕变和等速蠕变后,变形迅速发展,矿样在短时间内破坏。围压和含水率对离子型稀土矿体在加速蠕变阶段的变形特征影响显著,围压越小,矿样越早出现加速蠕变阶段,发生破坏的时间越短;含水率越大,矿样破坏时变形量越大,强度降低越明显。基于蠕变试验数据,分别探讨Burgers模型、西原正夫模型以及幂函数模型的适用性,并且在Burgers模型基础上引入非线性粘滞元件,建立一种新的非线性粘弹塑性模型,该模型能较好刻画离子型稀土矿体蠕变全过程。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the ion type rare earth orebody in Longnan area is taken as the research object. Aiming at the key problems in the in-situ leaching process, the soil and water characteristics and pore distribution of the ion type rare earth ore body are studied through a large number of field investigations, tests and laboratory tests.The shear strength and creep characteristics are systematically studied and discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the soil-water characteristic curves have the same changing trend both in the original orebody and in the remolded orebody.That is, the water content of ore body goes through three processes: steady, fast decline and slow decrease with the increase of matrix suction.Through the function fitting of the measured data of soil-water characteristic curve,The volume of porosity 鈮,
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