利用铁矿和铅锌尾矿制备无机矿物聚合物材料的研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 12:45

本文选题：无机矿物聚合物　切入点：尾矿　出处：《东北大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：在我国,95%的能源和85%的原材料来自矿产资源,矿产资源在开发利用的同时,会产生一系列的环境问题。其中,尾矿作为一种重要的矿业固体废弃物,同时也是一种重要的原材料资源。在矿产资源开发的过程当中丢弃了大量尾矿,在造成环境污染的同时也使尾矿中可以被利用的组分被丢弃,造成了资源的浪费。因此,针对尾矿综合利用开展试验研究工作对于解决环境问题和资源浪费问题有着重大的意义。无机矿物聚合物材料是近些年来无机材料领域的研究热点,因为这种矿物聚合材料具有优异的物理化学性能,制备过程中能耗低,原料广泛,易于加工,因此受到学者们的广泛关注。本试验以取自内蒙古白云鄂博的铁矿尾矿和来自福建金东矿业公司的铅锌尾矿作为原料,进行新型无机矿物聚合材料的制备及机理研究。首先,对尾矿进行了化学组成、物相分析以及微观形貌的分析,虽然尾矿中含有一定的硅铝质,但是活性并不高,因此要采取一定的活化措施进行处理,以使有用的组分在碱激发反应的过程中可以被有效利用。通过大量试验,选取加碱煅烧的活化方式对尾矿进行处理,通过X射线衍射、红外光谱以及扫描电镜对活化处理前后的尾矿进行分析。然后,通过正交试验和单因素试验分析尾矿制备无机矿物聚合材料的试验因素及水平,并对其性质进行研究,对比分析了由两种尾矿制备的材料的各项差异。最后,重点研究了发泡无机矿物聚合材料的制备及性能。通过以上的试验得出以下主要结论：(1)加碱煅烧活化确实能提高尾矿的活性,活化后的尾矿制备的无机矿物聚合材料试块的抗压强度更大,提高了材料的各项性能指标。(2)以抗压强度为考察标准,各影响因素对无机矿物聚合物材料影响由强到弱的顺序是：尾矿占固体粉料的比例液固比碱激发剂模数水玻璃掺量(以Na2O计)。(3)各单因素的最佳值分别为：尾矿掺量均为20%,水玻璃模数为1.2,水玻璃掺量(以Na20计)为5%,液固比为0.55。 (4)将由尾矿制备的无机矿物聚合材料和由普通硅酸盐水泥制备的试块性质进行了对比试验分析。结果表明：在力学性能、抗冻融循环性能、耐酸性、碱集料反应以及耐高温性方面,尾矿制备的无机矿物聚合物材料表现优于普通硅酸盐水泥。(5)通过大量的基础试验,选取双氧水和硬脂酸作为制备发泡材料的发泡剂和稳泡剂,结果表明：双氧水最佳掺量为0.5%,硬脂酸的最佳掺量为1%。(6)制备的发泡制品的导热系数分别达到了0.0511w/(m·k)和0.0524 w/(m·k)。本论文的创新点是：(1)将铁矿尾矿与铅锌尾矿作为原材料制备无机矿物聚合物,有效实现了矿产资源的综合利用。(2)无机矿物聚合物的聚合机理更加深入的解析。(3)将发泡材料与无机矿物聚合物材料的制备结合起来。通过以上的研究结果表明,这两种选矿尾矿是可以被用来制备无机矿物聚合材料的,并且通过控制试验的因素可以取得性能相对优良的产品。尾矿的再利用与无机矿物聚合材料优异性能的结合不仅解决了环境污染和资源浪费的问题,也拓宽了无机矿物聚合材料原料的使用途径,实现了废料的利用。Utilization of iron tailings and lead-zinc tailings for the preparation of geopolymer
[Abstract]:In China, 95% of the raw materials and 85% energy sources from mineral resources, mineral resources development and utilization in at the same time, will produce a series of environmental problems. Among them, the tailings as a kind of important mining solid wastes, but also an important raw material resources. In the process of the development of mineral resources in a large number of discarded in the tailings, causing environmental pollution but also the tailings can be used were discarded, resulting in a waste of resources. Therefore, the comprehensive utilization of tailings research to solve environmental problems and resource waste is of great significance. Geopolymer is a hot research field of inorganic materials in recent years because of this, mineral polymer material has excellent physical and chemical properties, preparation of low energy consumption, in the process of a wide range of raw materials, easy processing, so it has received extensive attention of scholars. This test In order to test the iron ore tailings from Inner Mongolia Baiyunebo and Fujian Jindong mineral company from lead-zinc tailings as raw material, study mechanism and preparation of new inorganic mineral polymer material. Firstly, the chemical composition of the tailings, phase analysis and morphology analysis, although the tailings containing silicon and aluminum to some extent, but the activity is not high. So we should take some measures to activation treatment, in order to make a useful component in the process of alkali reaction can be effectively utilized. Through a lot of experiments, activation of selected alkali calcination treatment of tailings, tailings by X ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy of activation before and after treatment were analyzed. Then, analysis and experimental factors during the preparation of inorganic polymeric materials by orthogonal test and single factor test, and to study their properties, comparative analysis By two kinds of tailings of materials prepared by the difference. Finally, focus on the preparation and properties of foamed inorganic mineral polymer. Through the above test draws the following conclusions: (1) calcining with alkali tailings can improve the activity during the preparation of inorganic mineral materials were activated after polymerization the compressive strength of the block is larger, improve the performances of the material. (2) the compressive strength of the standard for the study, the influence factors of geopolymer from strong to weak is: tailings accounted for solid powder ratio of liquid to solid ratio alkali excitation agent modulus of water glass content (by Na2O meter). (3) the optimal value of each single factor respectively: tailings dosage was 20%, the modulus of water glass is 1.2, the dosage of sodium silicate (Na20) was 5%, the ratio of liquid to solid 0.55. (4) from the tailings prepared geopolymer and ordinary portland cement preparation The test block properties are analyzed in comparison. The results showed that: in the mechanical properties, freeze-thaw resistance, acid resistance, alkali aggregate reaction and high temperature resistance, geopolymer is better than the performance of Portland cement tailings preparation. (5) through the basic experiments, selection of hydrogen peroxide and stearic acid as system preparation of foam foaming agent and foam stabilizing agent, the results show that the optimum dosage of hydrogen peroxide is 0.5%, the best dosage of stearic acid was 1%. (6) thermal conductivity of foam products prepared respectively reached 0.0511w/ (M - K) and 0.0524 w/ (M - K). The innovation of this paper is: (1) the iron ore tailings and tailings as raw materials to prepare geopolymer, effectively realize the comprehensive utilization of mineral resources. (2) the polymerization mechanism of geopolymer more in-depth interpretation. (3) the foaming material and inorganic mineral polymer materials Preparation of combined. Through the above research results show that these two kinds of tailings can be used for the preparation of inorganic mineral polymeric material, and through the test control factors can obtain better performance products. Tailings re-use combined with inorganic mineral polymer materials with excellent performance not only solve the environmental pollution and waste of resources the problem, but also broaden the ways of using inorganic mineral polymer materials, to achieve the use of.Utilization of iron tailings and lead-zinc material tailings for the preparation of Geopolymer

【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ317;TD926.4

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