开采沉陷动态预计模型及其参数研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 16:38

本文选题：开采沉陷　切入点：动态预计　出处：《安徽理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：开采沉陷是一个随时间、空间变化的复杂过程,为进一步探究开采沉陷的机理,减小开采沉陷对环境的影响,需对由地下开采引起的地表移动变形动态过程进行研究。本文中选取了两淮矿区三个工作面,以工作面地表移动变形观测站实测数据为基础,分析开采沉陷地表下沉的动态规律。根据地表下沉的速度特点将其分为四个阶段:采前稳定期、加速下沉期、减速下沉期和采后稳定期,各阶段特征和占总下沉时间的比例根据工作面地质采矿条件和地表点位与工作面相对位置不同而改变。推导并分析了目前在开采沉陷动态预计中应用最为广泛的Knothe时间函数,利用实测数据求取Knothe时间函数所需参数,反演地表动态下沉过程并与实测值进行比较,结果表明:Knothe时间函数在描述地表下沉速度方面有一定缺陷,利用其预计地表动态下沉过程往往会造成较大的误差。鉴于Knothe时间函数的不足,本文在Knothe时间函数的基础上添加了一个新的参数τ,其意义为地表点位下沉速度峰值出现的时刻,以τ为间断点利用分段函数建立改进的Knothe时间函数模型,改进的Knothe时间函数能够克服原始Knothe时间函数在描述地表下沉速度方面的不足,以更高的精度预计或反演地表下沉的动态过程。分析了改进Knothe时间函数中各参数的作用,该函数模型通过地表最终下沉量W0控制函数的上下边界;时间因素影响系数C和最大下沉速度出现时刻τ共同影响函数曲线的形态。探讨了各参数的求取方法,其中地表最终下沉量W0可利用概率积分法模型或D-Insar方法获取;时间因素影响系数C可通过观测站实测数据拟合解算或根据工作面地质采矿条件计算其取值范围;最大下沉速度出现时间τ根据矿区最大下沉速度滞后角公式求取也可通过对实测数据进行回归分析而得。根据实验工作面地表移动观测站实测数据解算改进Knothe时间函数所需参数,根据求参结果建立工作面地表下沉动态预计模型,将预计值与实测值对比,分析改进Knothe时间函数精度,结果表明改进的Knothe时间函数能够以较高的精度模拟开采沉陷地表下沉的动态过程,模拟结果符合地表下沉动态规律。最后以地表积水范围和建筑物损坏等级预计为例探究了改进Knothe时间函数的应用。
[Abstract]:Mining subsidence is a complex process with time and space variation. In order to further explore the mechanism of mining subsidence and reduce the impact of mining subsidence on the environment, the dynamic process of surface movement and deformation caused by underground mining should be studied.In this paper, three working faces in Lianghuai mining area are selected, and based on the measured data of ground surface movement and deformation observation station, the dynamic law of surface subsidence in mining subsidence is analyzed.According to the velocity characteristics of surface subsidence, it is divided into four stages: pre-mining stable period, accelerated subsidence period, deceleration subsidence period and postharvest stable period,The characteristics of each stage and the proportion of the total subsidence time vary according to the geological and mining conditions of the working face and the relative position of the surface point and the working face.The Knothe time function, which is widely used in the prediction of mining subsidence dynamic, is derived and analyzed. The parameters of Knothe time function are obtained from the measured data, and the dynamic subsidence process of the ground surface is retrieved and compared with the measured data.The results show that the time function of: Knothe has some defects in describing the subsidence velocity of the earth's surface, and using it to predict the dynamic subsidence process of the earth's surface often results in large errors.In view of the shortage of Knothe time function, a new parameter 蟿 is added to the Knothe time function, which means the time when the peak value of subsidence velocity of surface point occurs.The improved Knothe time function model is established by using the piecewise function with 蟿 as the discontinuity point. The improved Knothe time function can overcome the shortcoming of the original Knothe time function in describing the subsidence velocity of the earth's surface.The dynamic process of predicting or retrieving ground subsidence with higher accuracy.The function of the parameters in the improved Knothe time function is analyzed. The function model controls the upper and lower boundaries of the function by controlling the final subsidence of the surface W _ 0, and the influence coefficient C of time factor C and the time of maximum subsidence velocity 蟿 jointly affect the shape of the function curve.The methods of obtaining the parameters are discussed, in which the final subsidence W0 can be obtained by using the probabilistic integration model or D-Insar method.The influence coefficient C of time factor can be calculated by fitting the measured data of observation station or calculating the range of values according to the geological and mining conditions of the working face.The occurrence time 蟿 of maximum subsidence velocity can also be obtained by regression analysis of measured data according to the formula of lag angle of maximum subsidence velocity in mining area.According to the measured data of the ground movement observation station of the experimental working face, the parameters needed to improve the Knothe time function are calculated, and the dynamic prediction model of the surface subsidence of the working face is established according to the result of the calculation of the parameters. The accuracy of the improved Knothe time function is analyzed by comparing the predicted value with the measured value.The results show that the improved Knothe time function can simulate the dynamic process of mining subsidence with high precision, and the simulation results accord with the dynamic law of surface subsidence.Finally, the application of the improved Knothe time function is explored by taking the scope of surface water and the prediction of building damage grade as examples.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD327

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