某铜矿全尾砂充填体脱水方案研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 15:09

本文选题：全尾砂　切入点：安全　出处：《昆明理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：矿山开采不仅给社会带来了大量的矿产资源,同时也不可避免给当地环境带来了诸多的安全问题,如尾砂的堆积和采空区塌陷等。利用尾砂充填采空区可以改善地表的环境,又可以控制地压问题,利用尾砂处理采空区已经是空区处理的首选。随着井下开采的深度越来越大,空区越来越多,粗颗粒尾砂不足,加上人们对环境的要求越来越高,人们不得不利用全尾砂水力充填空区,但全尾砂的粒度较细,保水性好,致使全尾砂充填体脱水速度慢,造成空区长时间存在着大量的积水,充填体的稳定性较差,充填体难以结顶,空区顶板长时间暴露等安全隐患。针对全尾砂充填体脱水速度慢的问题,目前,就加快充填体脱水速度的方法有脱水管、减水剂等,而大多数矿山采用成本更低的脱水管方法脱水,但矿山一般根据经验来安设,且随意性很大,其脱水效果不佳且造成资源浪费。影响脱水管脱水效率的因素主要是脱水管的安设间距和管径。本文将以脱水管间距的安设以及脱水管管径的选择来展开讨论：1、对某铜矿的全尾砂试样的渗透系数、级配、密度等基本参数进行测试分析,并对全尾砂的含水性以及影响充填体脱水的因素进行分析。2、依据沉降理论,两相流理论等在前人研究的基础上,建立细颗粒尾砂在充填体的水平孔隙内运动模型,计算任意粒径的颗粒在充填体孔隙内移动距离,根据计算结果选择脱水管安设的间距；3、根据井流理论与渗流理论等,通过脱水管在充填体内部脱水影响半径,建立安设脱水管管径的模型。4、为验证选择脱水管安设间距和管径的选择方法的正确性,加快充填体脱水速度,提高矿山安全系数,在室内进行模拟实验,并选择最佳的脱水管管径、安设间距等参数。5、根据某盘区自身的特点,利用Seep/W软件,建立该盘区充填体脱水的数值计算模型,模拟分析采用不同的管间距、管径时,其脱水效果的变化规律,并选出最佳的脱水管安设管间距和管径。
[Abstract]:Mining not only brings a lot of mineral resources to the society, but also inevitably brings a lot of safety problems to the local environment, such as the accumulation of tailings and the collapse of goaf.The surface environment can be improved and the ground pressure can be controlled by filling goaf with tailings. It is the first choice to treat goaf with tailings.With the increasing depth of underground mining, more and more empty areas, the shortage of coarse grain tailings, and the higher and higher requirements of the environment, people have to use the whole tailings to fill the empty areas, but the size of the whole tailings is finer and the water retention is good.As a result, the dehydration speed of the whole tailings filling body is slow, a large amount of water exists in the empty area for a long time, the stability of the filling body is poor, the filling body is difficult to form the top, the roof of the empty area is exposed for a long time, and so on.In view of the problem of slow dehydration rate of the whole tailings filling body, at present, the methods to speed up the dehydration rate of the filling body include dehydration pipe, water reducer and so on. However, most mines adopt the lower cost dehydration pipe method, but the mines are usually designed according to experience.And the randomness is very big, its dehydration effect is not good and causes the resources waste.The main factors affecting the dehydration efficiency are the spacing and diameter of the dehydrated tube.In this paper, the basic parameters such as permeability coefficient, gradation and density of the whole tailings of a copper mine are measured and analyzed by setting the distance between the dehydrated pipes and selecting the diameter of the dehydrated pipes.According to the settlement theory and two-phase flow theory, the movement model of fine tailing sand in horizontal pore is established based on the settlement theory, two-phase flow theory and so on, based on the analysis of the water content of the whole tailings and the factors affecting the dehydration of the filling body.The movement distance of particles of arbitrary diameter in the pore of the filling body is calculated. According to the calculation results, the spacing of the dehydration pipe is selected. According to the well flow theory and the seepage theory, the radius of dehydration is affected by the dehydration pipe in the filling body.In order to verify the correctness of the selection method for the selection of the spacing and diameter of the dehydrated pipe, to speed up the dehydration rate of the filling body and to improve the safety factor of the mine, the model .4is established for the installation of the dehydrated pipe diameter. The simulation experiments are carried out indoors.The optimum parameters, such as pipe diameter and installation spacing, are selected. According to the characteristics of a certain disc, a numerical calculation model for the dehydration of the backfill in the disc is established by using Seep/W software. The different pipe spacing and diameter are used to simulate the model.The optimum spacing and diameter of the dehydrated pipe are selected.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD853.34

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