神府煤田采煤塌陷引起的生态问题探讨

发布时间：2018-04-12 10:00

本文选题：采煤塌陷 + 生态问题　；参考：《干旱区资源与环境》2017年09期

【摘要】：通过野外定位观测和室内分析,研究了神府煤田风沙区采煤塌陷1-2年后地表颗粒组成、土壤水分和植被群落的动态变化及引发的生态问题。结果表明:非塌陷区(对照)沙丘,地表颗粒组成以细砂和极细砂为主,占整个组成的63.76%,而采煤塌陷1-2年后,颗粒组成以粗砂和中砂为主,占整个组成的65%以上,呈现粗化现象,潜在可风蚀性程度加强;形成的塌陷裂缝和地表破损,增加了土壤蒸发面,导致土壤水分降低,和对照相比,地表层(0-20cm)范围内的土壤水分流失量最大,达151%,中间层(30-70cm)流失139%,深层(70cm以下)流失101%,整个沙丘典型位置的累积土壤水分流失量达392%,且随着剖面深度的增大而减小,直接加剧了沙质土壤的旱化;采煤塌陷引起的塌陷裂缝、地表破损、地表颗粒粗化以及土壤水分的流失等因素,促使植被大量死亡,植被的死亡率加大又直接反作用于塌陷地表,在风的作用下引发严重风蚀。
[Abstract]:Based on field observation and indoor analysis, the surface particle composition, dynamic changes of soil moisture and vegetation community and the ecological problems caused by coal mining collapse in wind-sand area of Shenfu coal field were studied in 1-2 years.The formation of collapsing cracks and surface damage increased the soil evaporation surface, resulting in the decrease of soil moisture, and the maximum soil water loss in the range of 0-20 cm compared with the control.Up to 151, intermediate layer 30-70 cm) loss 139, deep layer below 70 cm) loss 101, the accumulated soil moisture loss of the typical location of the whole sand dune reached 392and decreased with the depth of the profile, which directly aggravated the drought of sandy soil; the collapse cracks caused by mining coal collapse,Such factors as surface breakage, surface grain coarsening and soil moisture loss promote the death of vegetation, increase the mortality rate of vegetation and react directly to the collapse surface, and cause serious wind erosion under the action of wind.
【作者单位】：陕西省陕北矿区生态修复重点实验室;陕西省治沙研究所;榆林学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(41661062) 陕西省科学技术研究发展计划(2014KJXX-21) 陕西省教育厅专项科研计划(16JK1894)资助
【分类号】：Q14;TD327

【相似文献】