采空区及陷落柱的地震波场分析

发布时间：2018-04-18 13:22

本文选题：采空区 + 陷落柱　；参考：《太原理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：煤矿采空区是人工开采煤炭资源形成的一种地质灾害体。在自身重力的作用下，这些采空区受到不同程度的塌陷，导水、积水以及积气现象严重，不仅是多种矿山地质灾害的直接诱发因素，而且对矿山的安全生产工作造成影响，给人民的生命及财产安全带来隐患；陷落柱是在一定的水文条件下，可溶性岩石溶蚀形成空洞，，上覆岩层塌陷形成的一种特殊地质异常体。采空区与陷落柱的形成过程极为相似，都是由于空洞引起上覆岩层的塌陷而形成的，在地震时间剖面上很容易出现这两种地质异常体的错判、误判等现象，如何正确识别出采空区及陷落柱成为地震解释中的一项重要研究课题。本文先对采空区以及陷落柱形成机理、内部成分及围岩产状等特征进行了系统的阐述，为本文的分析研究工作提供可靠的理论依据。根据采空区以及陷落柱的实际赋存形态建立内部结构不同的地震地质模型，并对这些地震地质模型进行正演模拟。首先对得到的单炮记录进行分析，然后对所得到的单炮记录进行CMP抽道集、动校正、叠加、偏移等处理过程，重点是对所生成的时间剖面上的的地震波场特征进行分析和对比。结果表明，空洞型采空区会对下组煤产生屏蔽作用，塌陷采空区的下方会出现延迟反射波以及延迟绕射波的叠加波，在采空区上方会出现接近平行于煤层的短反射波；陷落柱不会对下组煤层产生屏蔽作用，且下方仅出现延迟绕射波，其中一些陷落柱自柱顶至柱底或只在陷落柱底部也会出现杂乱的反射波。根据得到的波场响应特征准确地识别出地震时间剖面上的采空区及陷落柱，以减少煤矿事故的发生和资源浪费。
[Abstract]:Goaf is a kind of geological hazard formed by artificial mining of coal resources.Under the action of their own gravity, these goaf areas are seriously affected by collapse, water diversion, water accumulation and gas accumulation, which are not only the direct inducing factors of various geological disasters in mines, but also have an impact on the safe production of mines.The collapse column is a special geological anomaly formed by soluble rock dissolution and collapse of overlying rock under certain hydrological conditions.The process of formation of goaf and collapse column is very similar, both caused by cavities caused by collapse of overlying strata, the two kinds of geological anomalies are easily misjudged and misjudged on the seismic time profile.How to correctly identify goaf and collapse column has become an important research subject in seismic interpretation.In this paper, the formation mechanism of goaf and collapse column, the internal composition and the occurrence of surrounding rock are systematically expounded, which provides a reliable theoretical basis for the analysis and research of this paper.According to the actual occurrence form of goaf and collapse column, the seismogeological models with different internal structures are established, and the forward modeling of these seismic geological models is carried out.First, the single shot record is analyzed, and then the CMP sampling, NMO, stack, migration and other processing processes are carried out. The emphasis is on the analysis and comparison of the seismic wave field characteristics on the generated time profile.The results show that the cavernous goaf will shield the lower coal, the delayed reflection wave and the superimposed wave of the delayed diffraction wave will appear under the collapse goaf, and the short reflection wave near to the coal seam will appear above the goaf.The collapse pillar will not shield the coal seam of the lower formation, and there are only delayed diffraction waves at the bottom of the coal seam, and some of the collapse columns will also appear disorderly reflection waves from the top of the column to the bottom of the column or only at the bottom of the collapse column.According to the response characteristics of the wave field, the goaf and the collapse column on the seismic time profile can be accurately identified in order to reduce the occurrence of coal mine accidents and the waste of resources.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD325.3;P631.4

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