滇西贵金属矿露天转地下开采境界顶柱厚度的研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 10:01

本文选题：境界顶柱 + 厚度理论计算方法　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：露天开采在矿产资源开发利用中有着举足轻重的地位,但是,随着露天矿山的开采进程,开采深度不断加深,吨矿的回采成本逐渐增加,露天边坡高度也不断增高,安全问题凸显;露天开拓运输、高陡边坡、排水困难、深凹露天坑通风等等一系列的问题威胁着矿山的正常生产,迫使矿山更新采矿技术。在这样的背景下,露天转地下开采的矿石回采方式应运而生;然而,接踵而至的是新的技术问题;①露天爆破会对地下井巷和采场造成一定的破坏作用,在地下工程与露天采场底之间应保持足够的距离;②过渡时期的地下工程作业影响露天作业的正常进行和安全生产,露天坑底与地下采场之间留有必要的境界顶柱和矿房间矿柱;③地下采空区会影响露天边坡和生产作业的安全;④露天采场积水涌入井下,在地下与露天沟通的井巷或采空场要采取防水措施,防止泥沙水突然涌入井下。本文主要针对滇西贵金属矿露天转地下开采的具体工程概况,研究其露天转地下开采过渡期境界顶柱厚度的问题,力求通过研究工作,可以寻找出适合于该矿山境界顶柱厚度确定的方法,为矿山露天转地下开采的生产实践提供一定的依据。本文的研究主要包含以下几个方面:(1)通过现场的调查和资料收集,了解矿山露天转地下开采的基本情况,初步了解矿山的地质条件和矿岩条件:针对本次研究的三种主要岩性开展现场取样、制样、室内岩石力学实验等工作,经由霍克布朗准则转换求解得出了斑岩、灰岩以及矿层的岩体力学参数。(2)论述了境界顶柱的主要破坏形式,即受拉破坏、冒落型破坏以及累积损伤破坏;并就影响境界顶柱稳定的内因、外因进行了分析;同时,根据弹塑性力学的基本知识及矿山地质情况,建立了境界顶柱的力学模型-固支矩形板;并就该力学模型进行了力学分析。(3)采用荷载传递交线法、厚跨比法、结构力学简化梁法、结构力学法、鲁别涅伊特公式对该贵金属矿露天转地下开采境界顶柱的厚度进行了理论计算,得出当矿房跨度为11.94m时,这几种算法下境界顶柱厚度分别为:12.87m、8.36m、16.79m、60.05m、4.17m,同时通过回归分析得出了不同理论计算方法下,境界顶柱厚度与矿房跨度之间的关系式。(4)采用FLAC3D数值模拟软件,对结构力学简化梁法、结构力学法、鲁别涅伊特法、荷载传递交线法以及厚跨比法等理论计算方法计算得出的境界顶柱厚度为40米时,地下采场对应允许的最大跨度值进行模拟分析,最终得出结构力学简化梁法比较适合于该贵金属矿露天转地下开采过渡期境界顶柱厚度的计算。(5)采用FLAC3D数值模拟软件,模拟分析得出了该矿山露天转地下开采境界顶柱的最小厚度值为45米。在确定的境界顶柱最小安全厚度下,研究了不同的回采顺序对境界顶柱的影响,最终得出垂直于矿体走向由矿体中央向两侧回采的方式对境界顶柱的扰动较小,建议矿山采用该种回采顺序。
[Abstract]:Opencast mining in the exploitation and utilization of mineral resources has a pivotal position, but with the open-pit mining process, mining depth deepening, tons of ore mining cost gradually increased, the slope height also increased, safety problem; open transport, high and steep slope, drainage problems, problems of deep open pit ventilation so a series of threats to the normal operation of the mine, the mine force update mining technology. In this context, as ore mining methods underground mining from open-pit; however, lots of new technical problems; the blasting damage effect on underground roadway and stope in underground engineering and open pit to keep enough distance should be at the bottom; normal and safe production of the open job the transition period of underground engineering work, open pit and underground mining. Have the necessary boundary pillar and room ore pillar; the underground goaf will affect the slope and the safety of production and operation; the open pit water into the underground, in underground and opencast mine goaf communication or to take waterproof measures, prevent sediment water suddenly poured into underground. The concrete project in this paper the precious metal ore open-pit to underground mining, the underground mining from open-pit transition boundary pillar thickness, through research, we can find out the suitable method to determine the thickness of boundary pillar mining, provide a basis for the production practice of mine open-pit to underground mining. This research mainly includes the following aspects: (1) through on-site investigation and data collection, to understand the basic situation of the mine open-pit to underground mining, a preliminary understanding of geological conditions of mines and ore rock conditions for this research: The three main lithology to carry out on-site sampling, sample preparation, indoor rock mechanics experiment, through the Hawke Brown criterion for solving the obtained porphyry, limestone ore and rock mechanical parameters. (2) discusses the main failure form of boundary pillar, namely tensile failure, falling damage and damage accumulation and the influence of internal factors; boundary pillar stability, external factors are analyzed; at the same time, based on the basic theory of elastic-plastic mechanics and mine geological conditions, established the mechanical model of boundary pillar - clamped rectangular plate; and the mechanical model of the mechanical analysis. (3) the intersection with the load transfer method, thick the cross ratio method, structural mechanics simplified beam method, the method of structural mechanics, the Lou Beneit formula of the precious metal ore mining boundary pillar thickness are calculated when the stope span is 11.94m, these algorithms under the state Pillar thickness were: 12.87m, 8.36m, 16.79m, 60.05m, 4.17M, at the same time were obtained by regression analysis of different theoretical calculation method, the relation between the boundary roof pillar thickness and stope span. (4) by using FLAC3D numerical simulation software, the simplified beam method of structural mechanics, structural mechanics method, Lubienieyitefa, load the transfer line method and the ratio of span to thickness by theoretical calculation method to calculate the thickness of boundary pillar is 40 meters, the maximum span of underground stope corresponding to the allowed values for simulation analysis, finally obtains the structural mechanics of simplified beam method is suitable for calculation in the precious metal ore open-pit to underground mining transition (thickness of boundary pillar. 5) by using FLAC3D numerical simulation software, simulation analysis shows that the minimum thickness of the mine open-pit to underground mining boundary value is 45 meters. The minimum safety thickness of top pillar in determining the realm, study the different stoping The influence of order on the top pillar of the boundary finally leads to the conclusion that the vertical direction of the ore body moves toward the central side of the orebody is less disturbed by the boundary pillar, and it is suggested that the mining order be adopted.

【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD863;TD853

【参考文献】