松软煤帮互层顶板巷道矿压特征及锚固方案研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 15:51

本文选题：松软煤层 + 互层顶板　；参考：《太原理工大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国绝大多数的采区巷道属于松软两帮互层顶板结构的巷道,针对该类巷道,传统的支护方式往往起不到良好的支护效果,许多巷道在采动影响下松软两帮发生破坏,而两帮作为顶板的支撑点,其破坏必然导致顶板岩层变形的加剧,甚至导致整个支护系统失效。本文主要以通洲集团安达煤业2#煤回风巷为背景,通过现场观测,理论推导以及数值模拟的方法,研究了松软煤层互层顶板巷道的变形特征以及松软两帮与互层顶板变形过程的相互作用机理,并且提出了针对通洲集团安达煤业2#煤回风巷合理的整体锚固方案。(1)通过现场窥视以及取芯分析,确定安达煤业2#煤回风巷围岩结构特点:顶板为粗砂岩与泥岩的互层结构,两帮为煤体且强度较低,底板为强度较高的石灰岩。(2)通过力学推导可知:顶板在上角点破坏后(顶板两端假设为简支结构)顶板的最大挠度为其在上角点破坏之前(顶板两端假设为固支结构)的4倍之多。所以应加强在顶板角点处的支护,防止顶板在两帮处发生破断。(3)随着两帮破坏深度的增加,互层顶板的破坏过程主要包括如下阶段:泥岩层的初次垮落——泥岩层垮落程度增加——上覆岩层变形范围扩大——泥岩层与首层粗砂岩出现离层——直接顶上覆各岩层出现离层——上覆岩层逐步垮落破坏形成锥形垮落区。(4)当顶板未破坏时,两帮的破坏主要是两帮中心的鼓出破坏,当直接顶泥岩层破坏时,巷道上角点位置顶板岩层沿巷帮层理面发生滑动破坏,当第二层粗砂岩破坏时,两帮以及上角点处岩层的破坏程度进一步增大,之后随着互层顶板破坏深度增大,两帮及上角点处岩层的破坏程度增大趋势并不明显,由于顶板破坏的卸压作用,破坏的区域逐渐减小。综上,顶板变形的卸压作用在一定程度上减缓了两帮继续向深处破坏的程度。(5)针对该类围岩结构,支护重点主要主要体现在以下三点:①加强对巷道两帮的支护。②加强对巷道上角点处的支护。③锚固结构形成整体加固拱。针对2#煤回风巷围岩结构,提出框形整体锚固支护方案,并对其支护参数进行设计,通过对比支护前后的围岩变形特征以及现场实际应用效果,表明该支护方案较好的维持了围岩的稳定性,支护效果良好。
[Abstract]:Most of the roadways in mining area in China belong to the roadway with soft two sides interbedded roof structure. In view of this kind of roadway, the traditional supporting method often does not have good support effect, many roadways are damaged under the influence of mining. As the supporting point of the roof, the failure of the two bands will inevitably lead to the aggravation of the roof deformation and even the failure of the whole support system. This paper mainly takes the coal return air roadway of Anda coal industry of Tongzhou Group Group as the background, through field observation, theoretical derivation and numerical simulation method. The deformation characteristics of interbed roof roadway in soft coal seam and the interaction mechanism between soft two sides and interbedded roof are studied. The reasonable overall anchoring scheme of coal return air roadway in Anda coal industry of Tongzhou Group is put forward. Based on site peeking and coring analysis, the surrounding rock structure characteristics of coal return air roadway in Anda coal industry are determined: the roof is the interbedded structure of coarse sandstone and mudstone. The two sides are coal with low strength. The mechanical derivation shows that the maximum deflection of the roof after the failure of the upper corner (assumed to be a simply supported structure at both ends of the roof) is before the failure of the upper corner (assumed to be a fixed support at both ends of the roof). The structure is as much as four times as much. Therefore, the support at the corner of the roof should be strengthened to prevent the roof from breaking at the two sides.) with the increase of the failure depth of the two sides, The failure process of interbedded roof mainly includes the following stages: the initial collapse of mudstone layer increases the degree of collapse of mudstone bed, the deformation range of overlying rock layer is enlarged, the mudstone layer and the first layer coarse sandstone appear separated layer -direct top When the roof is not destroyed, the overlying rock layer gradually collapses to form a conical collapse zone. (4) when the roof is not destroyed, The failure of the two bands is mainly caused by the bulging failure of the center of the two bands. When the mudstone layer is destroyed directly, the roof strata at the upper corner of the roadway slide along the bedding surface of the roadway, and when the second layer of coarse sandstone is destroyed, The failure degree of the two sides and the upper corner point is further increased, then with the increase of the depth of the interbedded roof failure, the increasing trend of the failure degree of the two bands and the upper corner point is not obvious, because of the pressure relief action of the roof failure, The area of destruction is decreasing. To sum up, the pressure relief of roof deformation to some extent slows down the extent of the failure of the two slabs to the depth of the rock) and aims at the surrounding rock structure of this kind. The emphasis of support is mainly reflected in the following three points: 1 strengthening the support of the two sides of the roadway. 2 strengthening the support at the upper corner of the roadway to form an integral reinforcement arch. In view of surrounding rock structure of coal return air roadway on 2#, this paper puts forward the frame integral bolting support scheme, and designs its supporting parameters. By comparing the deformation characteristics of surrounding rock before and after supporting and the actual application effect on the spot, It shows that the support scheme maintains the stability of surrounding rock and the support effect is good.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TD353

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