厚煤层综放开采覆岩灾变规律研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 19:37

本文选题：综放开采 + 覆岩结构　；参考：《西安科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着矿井开采规模和深度的逐渐增加,一些矿井的冲击矿压动力灾害事故频繁出现,严重影响矿井的生产安全。因此,揭示煤层开采后采场出现强烈矿山压力显现的形成机制,采取有效措施弱化和控制矿山压力显现强度,对矿井安全采煤具有十分深远的意义。论文以华亭矿区为背景,以砚北煤矿为主要研究对象,在分析矿井地质采矿条件的基础上,首先分析给出了引起覆岩灾变的主要影响因素为向斜构造、开采深度、采煤方法、煤柱尺寸和开采顺序等;其次应用物理相似材料模拟实验和数值模拟方法研究了开采覆岩破坏运移过程和采场矿山压力显现之间的关系,结果表明单一工作面开采后覆岩组合关键层具有很好的控制作用,第二个工作面开采后覆岩组合关键层达到了极限承载宽度,发生断裂破坏并释放较大能量,但自身结构并未失稳,第三个工作面开采后覆岩组合关键层结构失稳,引发强烈冲击矿压发生。并通过实验数据观测对比分析,给出了采用合理的工作面开采宽度、减小区段煤柱尺寸以及合理开采布局等方法能够有效地分期释放覆岩结构失稳产生的动能,降低冲击矿压危害程度;再次结合岩层控制理论对冲击矿压的形成和覆岩移动变形规律、覆岩结构演化过程的相互关系进行了分析,揭示了砚北煤矿冲击矿压是褶曲构造的高地应力场和覆岩重力场共同作用的结果;最后,综合分析提出了限高开采、窄煤柱无煤柱开采、合理的开采顺序、开采布局和卸压爆破、煤层注水、钻孔卸压等减缓覆岩灾害强度的防御与主动解危措施。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the gradual increase of mining scale and depth, some mine impact dynamic disasters frequently occur, which seriously affect the safety of mine production. Therefore, it is of great significance for safe coal mining to reveal the formation mechanism of strong mine pressure appearance in the stope after coal seam mining, and to take effective measures to weaken and control the intensity of mine pressure manifestation. Taking Huating mining area as the background and Yanbei coal mine as the main research object, on the basis of analyzing the geological and mining conditions of the mine, the paper first analyzes the main factors that cause the overburden rock catastrophe: syncline structure, mining depth and mining method. The size of coal pillar and mining sequence, etc. Secondly, the relationship between the process of overburden failure and migration and the pressure appearance of stope is studied by using physical similar material simulation experiment and numerical simulation method. The results show that the key strata of overlying rock assemblage after mining in a single working face have a good control function, and the critical strata of overlying rock assemblage after mining in the second working face reach the limit bearing width, and fracture damage occurs and a large amount of energy is released. However, its structure is not unstable, and the structure of the key strata of overburden rock assemblage is unstable after the third face mining, which leads to the occurrence of strong impact rock pressure. Through the comparison and analysis of the experimental data, it is shown that the kinetic energy produced by the instability of overburden structure can be effectively released by stages by using reasonable mining width, reducing the coal pillar size of the section and reasonable mining layout. The formation of rock pressure and the law of overburden movement and deformation are analyzed, and the relationship between the evolution process of overburden structure and the formation of rock pressure is analyzed. It is revealed that the impact pressure of Yanbei coal mine is the result of the interaction of the high ground stress field of fold structure and the gravity field of overburden rock, and finally, a comprehensive analysis is made of the limited height mining, the mining of narrow coal pillar without coal pillar, and the reasonable mining sequence. Mining layout and pressure-relief blasting, coal seam water injection, borehole pressure relief and other measures to reduce the intensity of overburden disaster and active relief measures.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD325

【参考文献】