口孜东矿11-2煤复合顶板合理支护的选择与优化

发布时间：2018-04-22 04:40

本文选题：复合顶板 + 结构面　；参考：《安徽建筑大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着煤矿行业的发展,对浅部资源的开采工作已经很难在展开,这就迫使我们不得不向更深处来进行大规模的开采来满足人类的日常生活等对煤炭资源的需求。根据统计,进行深部开采的煤炭资源中大部分矿井都是复合顶板,顶板的稳定处理不当会引起冒顶事故的发生,因此保持复合顶板的层间离层的稳定性的问题是进行深部开采最应该考虑生产安全问题。本文结合口孜东矿11-2煤巷道工程实际,利用理论分析与数值模拟的方法,对11-2煤巷道现有的支护形式及参数的合理性进行分析,提出应该选用的合理的支护方案及相应的支护参数,使11-2煤巷道顶板的结构面层间离层以及围岩松动破碎(变形离层)保持稳定,支架受荷在极限承载力附近。结合口孜东矿11-2煤巷道的工程实际,采用合适的计算模型来进行数值模拟。本文的数值模拟计算模型应该分为两种：(1)模型中巷道布置于煤层：11-2煤行人上山先期掘进时,巷道布置在11-2煤的煤层中,并且掘进是沿着煤层顶板的方向来进行掘进的,根据地质柱状图来确定巷道复合顶板构成、两帮煤体及底板岩性。(2)模型中巷道布置于11-2煤层顶板中：掘进后期,巷道布置于11-2煤层顶板中,巷道底板沿11-2煤顶板掘进,巷道两帮为岩石,底板为11-2煤层。通过分析11-2煤层巷道不同支护及支护参数对顶板离层稳定性的影响,以两种数值计算模型为基础,分别在巷道有无预紧力(锚杆预紧扭矩260N.M、锚索预紧力16T),支护强度分别为无支护、锚杆支护(按规定锚杆支护参数)、锚杆索支护(按规定锚杆索支护参数)、加密锚杆索支护(锚杆索间排距分别为设计的一半及三分之一)不同条件下,对两种模型的计算结果分别进行分析,并且得出以下的结论：(1)无论巷道是埋置在煤层中,还是巷道埋置在煤层顶板中,巷道顶板的离层量比两帮及底鼓要小的多；而顶板之所以会出现离层的不稳定性状态主要是由于结构面层间离层的不稳定引起的；(2)顶板结构面的层间离层不稳定从产生到发展主要是从关键层开始的,合理支护(主要锚杆索支护)的同时,应重点对关键层的支护紧加强,主要表现在除了要选择合理的支护方式对关键层进行加强外,对关键层进行支护时合理的支护参数对关键层的位置与关键层的层间离层的稳定性也有很大的影响,只有都考虑到,才能保持关键层的稳定；(3)深部开采的煤矿中,巷道顶板结构面的中部产生了拉应力,这个应力的出现导致顶板的结构面发生分离。因此在支护时应重点加强对关键层结构面中部的支护,进而保持层间离层值的稳定。(4)口孜东矿11-2煤巷道的顶板离层的产生主要是因为顶板层间离层的不稳定造成的,但是顶板的塑性变形基本呈现稳定；11-2煤巷道目前在实际工程中,选择的支护形式是锚杆索组合的支护形式,但根据分析可知锚杆索的支护密度(间排距)偏小、预紧力也偏小、布置上也有不合理。因此根据本论文的结果,对锚杆索支护参数进行改进：①将原来巷道所采用锚杆索的支护密度由1.57根/m2(锚杆的间排距为0.800×0.800m),变成3.0根/m2(锚杆的间排距变成0.600x0.600m)；将原来结构面中部巷道宽度的一半范围内的锚杆索密度增加至4根/m2(锚杆间排距0.500x0.500m),而对于距结构面中心较远的另一半巷道宽度的范围内锚杆索密度应该增加至2根/m2(锚杆间排距0.500-0.500m)；②将原来的锚杆预紧扭矩由260N.m(预紧力约55.0KN)提高至340N.m(7预紧力约5.0KN)；将原来的锚索预紧力由160KN增加至200KN。
[Abstract]:With the development of the coal mine industry, the mining of shallow resources has been difficult to expand, which compels us to make large-scale exploitation to meet the demand of human daily life. According to statistics, most of the coal mines in the source of deep mining are complex roof, and the roof is stable. Unsuitable treatment will cause the occurrence of roof accidents, so the problem of maintaining the stability of the interlayer separation of the composite roof is the problem that the production safety should be considered in the deep mining. In this paper, the existing support forms and parameters of the 11-2 Coal Roadway are used in combination with the practice of the 11-2 Coal Mine Tunnel of kirzon mine. The rationality of the number is analyzed, and the reasonable support scheme and supporting parameters should be selected to make the separation layer between the roof of the roof of the 11-2 Coal Roadway and the loosening and breaking of the surrounding rock (the deformation and separation) remain stable, and the support is loaded near the ultimate bearing capacity. The suitable calculation is adopted in the engineering practice of the 11-2 Coal Roadway in zirin mine. The numerical simulation model of this model should be divided into two kinds: (1) the roadway in the model is arranged in the coal seam: when the 11-2 Coal pedestrians are heading in the first period, the laneway is arranged in the coal seam of 11-2 Coal, and the driving is heading along the direction of the roof of the coal seam, and the roadway composite roof is determined according to the geological histogram. Composed of two groups of coal body and floor lithology. (2) the roadway in the model is arranged in the roof of 11-2 Coal seam. The roadway is arranged in the roof of 11-2 Coal Seam at the later stage of the excavation. The floor of the roadway is heading along the roof of the 11-2 Coal, the two helps the rock and the floor is 11-2 Coal seam. Through the analysis of the influence of the different support and support parameters on the roof separation stability by the different support and support parameters of the 11-2 Coal seam roadway. On the basis of two numerical calculation models, there are no pre tightening forces (anchor bolt pre tightening torque 260N.M, anchor cable pre tightening force 16T), support strength is no support, bolt support (according to the prescribed bolt support parameters), anchor cable support (according to the specified anchor cable support parameters), encrypted anchor cable support (half of the anchor cable row spacing is half of the design. And 1/3) under different conditions, the results of the two models are analyzed, and the following conclusions are obtained: (1) no matter whether the roadway is buried in the coal seam or the roadway is buried in the roof of the coal seam, the separation of the roadway roof is much smaller than that of the two and the bottom drums; and the roof will appear the unstable state of the separation of the strata. If the instability of the separation layer between the structural planes is caused by the instability, (2) the interlayer instability of the roof structure is mainly started from the key layer, and the support (main bolt and cable support) should be strengthened at the same time, which is mainly manifested in the choice of a reasonable support mode to the key layer. In addition, the reasonable support parameters for supporting the key layer have a great influence on the position of the key layer and the stability of the interlayer separation between the key layers and the stability of the key layer. (3) in the coal mine of deep mining, the tensile stress is produced in the middle of the roof structure of the roadway, which leads to the emergence of the stress. The support of the top of the key layer should be strengthened in the support of the roof, so as to maintain the stability of the separation layer between the layers. (4) the roof abscission layer of the 11-2 Coal Roadway in kirzin mine is mainly caused by the instability of the separation layer between the roof layers, but the plastic deformation of the roof is basically stable; 11-2 At present, coal roadway in practical engineering, the choice of supporting form is the support form of anchor cable combination, but according to the analysis, it can be found that the bolting density (inter row spacing) is small, the pre tightening force is too small and the layout is unreasonable. Therefore, according to the results of this paper, the support parameters of anchor cable are improved: 1. The anchor bolt used in the original roadway The support density of the cable is from 1.57 /m2 (the spacing of the bolt to 0.800 x 0.800m), and it becomes 3 /m2 (the spacing of the bolt is transformed into 0.600x0.600m), and the anchor cable density in the half of the width of the original structure surface is increased to 4 /m2 (0.500x0.500m), and the other half of the roadway is far away from the center of the structure surface. The density of anchor cable should be increased to 2 /m2 (anchor row spacing 0.500-0.500m), and the original bolt pre tightening torque is increased from 260N.m (pretightening force about 55.0KN) to 340N.m (7 pretightening force about 5.0KN), and the original cable pretightening force is increased from 160KN to 200KN..

【学位授予单位】：安徽建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD327.2

【参考文献】