涪陵地区井下事故、复杂情况预防与处理

发布时间：2018-04-24 13:27

本文选题：涪陵 + 页岩气　；参考：《长江大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：涪陵地区页岩地质条件复杂,部分地层疏松、胶结质量差,同时上部地层灰岩、泥岩层段地层裂缝发育,出水,钻遇井漏、溶洞等情况严重,同时长兴、龙潭、茅口组地层含气,而且还含一定浓度的硫化氢,地层砂岩泥岩软硬交错,跳钻严重,钻具易损坏而发生井下故障。韩家店组、小河坝组和目的层龙马溪组地层裂缝发育、承压能力低,钻井过程中易发生漏失、井垮、卡钻等井下故障。有必要及时分析总结涪陵地区页岩气井下事故预防与处理技术,从适应性方面进行评价,最终形成符合涪陵地区的井下故障、复杂情况的预防与处理方案。涪陵地区上部地层嘉陵江、飞仙关组埋深较浅,灰岩易形成裂缝,泥岩易被地表及地下水剥蚀,因此在地表层段裂缝和溶洞发育,在表层钻进过层中极易发生井漏。使用清水钻井技术可以实现钻进、通井一趟钻,实现快速钻进,实现了“以快防漏”的快速钻进过程。上中部地层长兴、龙潭、茅口组含气且还含有一定浓度的硫化氢气体,在钻遇长兴组之前必须做好相应的预防措施,当出现H2S气体时,做好相应的处理措施。中下部地层造斜水平段钻进过程由于托压会产生卡钻等事故的发生。水力振荡器的应用能够很好的解决托压卡钻的问题,水力振荡器可以有效地减少横向和扭转振动,减少钻具与泥饼的接触面积防止托压和粘卡；在使用水力振荡器配合PDC钻头钻进时,加大排量清洗井眼,加强了对井底以及井眼的净化。目的层龙马溪、五峰组地层裂缝发育,易发生井漏。龙马溪、五峰组地层堵漏措施主要使用桥接堵漏措施。桥接堵漏就是利用接堵漏材料在封堵漏失层的过程中,进行机械堵塞。本文针对涪陵地区钻井复杂事故情况进行了原因分析,统计了大量完钻井遇到的复杂情况和事故,并针对各个地层出现的不同复杂情况和事故给予相应的预防和处理措施。这样有利于安全钻进,减少了复杂事故发生,同时减少钻井周期,大大节约了钻井经济成本。本论文的研究结果对涪陵地区页岩气的现场施工具有指导意义。
[Abstract]:The shale geological conditions in Fuling area are complex, part of the formation is loose, and the cementation quality is poor. At the same time, the upper stratum limestone, mudstone formation fracture development, effluent, drilling and meeting well leakage, karst cave and so on are serious. At the same time, Changxing, Longtan, etc. The formation of Maokou formation contains gas and also contains a certain concentration of hydrogen sulfide. The sandstone mudstone in the formation is interlaced with soft and hard rock, the drilling jump is serious, the drill tool is easily damaged and the downhole failure occurs. The formation fractures of Hanjiadian formation, Xiaoheba formation and target layer Longmaxi formation are developed, the bearing capacity is low, the drilling process is prone to leakage, well collapse, drilling jam and other downhole faults. It is necessary to analyze and summarize the prevention and treatment technology of shale gas downhole accident in Fuling area in time, and evaluate it from the aspect of adaptability, and finally form the prevention and treatment scheme of underground fault and complex situation in accord with Fuling area. In the upper layer of Fuling area, Jialing River, Feixianguan formation is shallow, limestone is easy to form fracture, mudstone is easily denuded by ground water and ground water. By using clear water drilling technology, drilling can be realized, and a quick drilling can be realized, and the fast drilling process can be realized with quick leakage prevention. The upper and middle strata of Changxing, Longtan, Maokou formation contain gas and also contain certain concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas, before drilling into Changxing formation, we must do a good job of preventive measures, when there is H2S gas, do a good job of corresponding treatment measures. The drilling process of horizontal section in middle and lower formation will lead to drilling jam and other accidents due to supporting pressure. The application of hydraulic oscillator can solve the problem of holding pressure jam well. Hydraulic oscillator can effectively reduce lateral and torsional vibration and reduce the contact area between drill tool and mud cake to prevent holding pressure and sticking card. In the use of hydraulic oscillator combined with PDC bit drilling, the discharge of cleaning borehole is increased, and the cleaning of bottom hole and borehole is strengthened. The formation fractures of Wufeng formation in Longmaxi formation are prone to well leakage. Longmaxi, Wufeng formation formation plugging measures mainly use bridging plugging measures. Bridging plugging is mechanical plugging by using plugging materials in the process of plugging the lost layer. In this paper, the causes of complex drilling accidents in Fuling area are analyzed, and a large number of complex situations and accidents are counted, and corresponding prevention and treatment measures are given for different complex situations and accidents in each formation. This is beneficial to safe drilling, reduces the occurrence of complex accidents, reduces drilling cycle and greatly saves the economic cost of drilling. The research results of this paper have guiding significance for the field construction of shale gas in Fuling area.
【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TD77

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