云母和高岭石的浮选分离研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 16:32

本文选题：云母 + 高岭石　；参考：《北京有色金属研究总院》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着云母用途的不断开发,许多深加工产品对云母含量的要求也越来越高,现存企业的选矿加工工艺已逐渐不能满足市场对产品质量的要求。而云母矿中或多或少都含有高岭石,因此研究高岭石和云母的分离并找出更高效益的方法对提高产品的质量有着一定实际意义。本文主要研究了云母和高岭石纯矿物的浮选行为,分别考察了两者在不同捕收剂、不同pH值、不同调整剂等条件下的可浮性变化并比较两者差异,从而找出它们可能分离的浮选条件。通过人工混合矿以及实际物料的浮选分离试验验证了单矿物浮选结果。通过动电位测定、红外光谱分析、吸附量测量等手段研究了药剂与云母和高岭石的作用机理。得出的主要结论如下：1)单矿物浮选试验结果得到了三种可能使云母和高岭石有效分离的条件：①使用1431作为捕收剂,浓度控制在5×10-5mol/L～1×10-4mo1/L范围内,矿浆pH值控制在4-5之间；②使用十二胺作为捕收剂,浓度为1×10-4mo1/L左右,矿浆pH值等于3,水玻璃用量为80-160mg/L；③使用混合捕收剂十二胺-油酸钠,十二胺用量为2×10-Smol/L～8×104mol/L之间,矿浆pH值控制在4-5之间。2)人工混合矿分离试验验证了单矿物浮选试验结果,得到的三种可能分离的试验条件都能有效分离云母和高岭石,其中采用1431作为捕收剂效果最佳。3)对黑龙江萝北石墨尾矿实际物料的浮选分离试验结果表明：粗选采用50g/t的1431作为捕收剂,水玻璃用量为300g/t的药剂制度,矿浆pH值控制在5,经过一次粗选三次精选的开路流程,最终使精矿中的绢云母含量从81.35%提高到了93.18%,取得了较好的浮选指标。4)红外光谱分析表明：十二胺和1431都是靠物理吸附在云母和高岭石表面,不存在化学吸附。5)通过测定Zeta电位并结合矿物晶体结构可推断：经1431和十二胺作用后,云母和高岭石的表面动电位都向正方向移动,且云母表面动电位的改变幅度要大于高岭石,证明这两种阳离子捕收剂是靠静电作用吸附在两者表面且对云母吸附力要强于高岭石。6)吸附量测量结果表明：云母在1431浓度很低时就已达到较大的吸附量,而高岭石在1431浓度低时吸附量较少,并在1431浓度为5×104mol/L～1×1O-4mol/L的时候两者吸附量差异最大,此时云母和高岭石的回收率差异也达到最大值,与单矿物浮选结果相一致。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of mica application, the requirement of mica content is becoming higher and higher in many deep processed products, and the existing processing technology of mineral processing has been unable to meet the requirements of the market for product quality. More or less kaolinite is found in mica ore, so it is of practical significance to study the separation of kaolinite and mica and find more efficient methods to improve the quality of products. The flotation behavior of mica and kaolinite minerals was studied in this paper. The floatability of mica and kaolinite was studied under the conditions of different collector, different pH value and different adjuster, respectively, and the difference between them was compared. Thus, the flotation conditions for their possible separation are found. The results of single mineral flotation were verified by flotation separation tests of artificial mixed ores and real materials. The interaction mechanism of the reagent with mica and kaolinite was studied by means of potentiodynamic determination, infrared spectrum analysis and adsorption measurement. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the flotation test results of single mineral have obtained three possible conditions for the effective separation of mica and kaolinite: 1431 is used as collector, the concentration is controlled in the range of 5 脳 10-5mol/L~1 脳 10-4mo1/L, and the pH value of pulp is between 4-5; (2) using dodecylamine as collector, the concentration of dodecylamine is about 1 脳 10-4mo1/L, the pH value of pulp is equal to 3, the dosage of sodium silicate is 80-160 mg / L ~ (-3), the amount of dodecylamine-oleic acid is 2 脳 10-Smol/L~8 脳 104mol/L, and the amount of dodecylamine is 2 脳 10-Smol/L~8 脳 104mol/L. The separation test of artificial mixed ore with pulp pH value between 4-5 and 4.2) verified the results of single mineral flotation test. The three possible separation test conditions can effectively separate mica and kaolinite. The result of flotation separation test of actual graphite tailings in Luobei, Heilongjiang Province by using 1431 as collector. The results showed that the crude separation system used 50g/t 1431 as collector and sodium silicate as 300g/t. The pulp pH value is controlled at 5, after one rough selection of three times of open circuit process, Finally, the content of sericite in concentrate was increased from 81.35% to 93.18%, and the better flotation index. 4) IR analysis showed that both dodecylamine and 1431 were physically adsorbed on the surface of mica and kaolinite. No chemisorption. 5) the surface dynamic potentials of mica and kaolinite move in a positive direction after the action of 1431 and dodecylamine by the determination of Zeta potential and the crystal structure of minerals. The change of dynamic potential on mica surface is larger than that of kaolinite. It is proved that the two cationic collectors are adsorbed on both surfaces by electrostatic interaction and the adsorption capacity of mica is stronger than that of kaolinite. The results show that the adsorption capacity of mica has reached a large amount when the concentration of mica is very low, and the adsorption capacity of mica is higher than that of kaolinite. However, the adsorption capacity of kaolinite is less when the concentration of 1431 is low, and the difference of adsorption capacity is the greatest when the concentration of 1431 is 5 脳 104mol/L~1 脳 1O-4mol/L, and the difference of recovery between mica and kaolinite is also the maximum, which is consistent with the result of single mineral flotation.
【学位授予单位】：北京有色金属研究总院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD923;TD97

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