吐哈盆地火焰山构造叠前深度偏移资料成图方法研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 20:57

本文选题：吐哈盆地 + 叠前深度偏移　；参考：《西南石油大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：吐哈盆地的地震勘探一直被困扰的问题是在复杂地表条件以及复杂地质构造条件下地震成像的问题,吐哈盆地火焰山构造带位于吐哈盆地中段,属于高陡复杂构造。吐哈盆地火焰山构造带属于低信噪比地区,虽然逆掩主断层比较容易识别,但存在层间走滑断层,使构造更加复杂,构造特征也难以把握。由于火焰山构造区地表和地下的条件甚是复杂,尖灭、逆掩断层等这些特殊地质现象存在又非常普遍,从而导致速度变化无论在纵向、还是横向上都比较大,使钻井结果与地震资料提供的成果存在很大的差异,表现在时间道集上的地震反射是明显的非双曲线特征,使用常规时间偏移是非常难成像的。目前,叠前深度偏移技术是解决地下复杂构造和横向非均质严重地区地震资料成像问题的理想技术,特别是对于逆掩推覆、高陡构造、地下高速火成岩体等可以取得较满意的成像效果。叠前深度偏移技术能够解决逆掩断层、盐丘和尖灭等这些负责构造以及速度纵、横向变化剧烈地区地震成像问题的非常有效果的方案。静校正与成像是地震资料处理的关键,恰恰这两者均与速度模型有关。本文在精细解释的基础上,通过调研指出的三种构造成图方法,进行一系列分析和对比,优选适合火焰山构造区的成图方法,最终取得良好的应用效果。
[Abstract]:Seismic exploration in Turpan-Hami Basin has always been plagued by seismic imaging under complex surface conditions and complex geological structures. Huoyanshan structural belt in Turpan-Hami Basin is located in the middle section of Turpan-Hami Basin and belongs to high steep complex structure. The Huoyanshan structural belt in Turpan-Hami Basin belongs to the low signal-to-noise ratio area. Although the main thrust faults are easy to identify, there are interlayer strike-slip faults, which make the structure more complicated and the structural characteristics are difficult to grasp. Due to the complexity of surface and underground conditions in Huojianshan structural area, the existence of such special geological phenomena as pinnacle and overthrust faults are very common, resulting in relatively large changes in velocity both vertically and horizontally. The results of drilling and seismic data are very different from those provided by seismic data. The seismic reflection on time tracings is an obvious non-hyperbolic feature and it is very difficult to image by using conventional time migration. At present, prestack depth migration technique is an ideal technique to solve the problem of seismic data imaging in complex underground structures and lateral heterogeneous areas, especially for overthrust and high-steep structures. Satisfactory imaging results can be obtained for underground high-speed igneous rock bodies. Prestack depth migration technique can solve the problems of overthrust faults salt dome and pinnacle which are very effective for seismic imaging in areas with severe velocity vertical and lateral variations. Static correction and imaging are the key of seismic data processing, and both are related to velocity model. On the basis of fine interpretation, this paper makes a series of analysis and comparison through the three kinds of structural mapping methods pointed out by investigation and points out, and optimizes the mapping method suitable for Huojianshan tectonic area, and finally obtains a good application effect.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P631.4

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