山西省朔南矿区矿山地质环境综合评价

发布时间：2018-04-29 14:28

本文选题：矿山地质环境评价 + 朔南矿区　；参考：《新疆大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：矿产资源的过度开发所引起的一系列环境问题不仅威胁到人民生命财产安全,还制约着经济的可持续发展。对矿山开发所引起的地质环境问题进行评价分区,可以为政府及有关部门建立完善的开发利用制度、矿区生态环境保护法律法规及后期的恢复治理规划提供基础资料和科学依据,具有重要意义。山西省作为煤炭能源大省,长期以来过度开采煤炭资源,引起的地质环境问题也尤为严重。省内很多地区已经出现地面塌陷、滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等过度开采所引起的地质灾害现象,全省采空面积高达8000多km2,造成了很多不可弥补的破坏,也极大的威胁到了人民的生命财产安全。因此建立构建符合山西省实际情况的矿山地质环境评价体系对山西省矿山地质环境保护与恢复治理有着重大的现实意义。本文以山西省朔南矿区为研究目标,基于RS和GIS技术,结合实地调查对矿区地质环境进行遥感解译,获得矿区植被覆盖、坡度和地形地貌等地质环境资料。在此基础上,以煤矿开采对矿山地质环境影响程度为主,对整个矿区地质环境问题的严重程度做出分区评价。构建适合山西省朔南矿区的一个趋于定量化的评价体系,采用模糊综合评价法进行矿山地质环境评价。依据相关法律法规采用专家打分,制定了各评价指标的分级标准。用层次分析法确定指标权值,并在R软件中编写程序计算权重,使得评价指标的权重值计算起来快速方便。对单个影响因素分别评价,做出了每个指标的评分结果图。最后在ARCGIS平台进行各个评价指标的图层叠加,得到矿区地质环境质量分区图。根据评价结果,提出了朔南矿区矿山地质保护建议。研究结果表明:构建的评价指标体系符合朔南矿区煤矿开采引起地质环境问题的实际情况,可以作为后期矿山恢复治理的技术依据。由矿区地质环境质量分区图,得出矿区地质环境严重区面积为38.86km2,占矿区总面积的6.70%;较严重区面积为389.82km2,占矿区总面积的67.21%;一般区面积151.32km2,占矿区总面积的26.09%。对不同区域,提出了针对性的防治保护矿山环境的建议。
[Abstract]:A series of environmental problems caused by overexploitation of mineral resources not only threaten the safety of people's life and property, but also restrict the sustainable development of economy. The evaluation of geological environmental problems caused by mine development can set up a perfect system of exploitation and utilization for the government and relevant departments. It is of great significance to provide basic information and scientific basis for ecological environment protection laws and regulations in mining area. Shanxi Province, as a big province of coal energy, has been overexploiting coal resources for a long time, which has caused serious geological and environmental problems. In many areas of the province, there have been geological disasters caused by over-mining, such as ground collapse, landslide, collapse, debris flow, etc. The whole province's mined area is up to more than 8000 km2, which has caused a lot of irreparable damage. It also poses a great threat to the safety of people's lives and property. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to establish a mine geological environment evaluation system in accordance with the actual situation of Shanxi Province for the protection and restoration of mine geological environment in Shanxi Province. In this paper, based on RS and GIS techniques, the geological environment of Shuonan mining area in Shanxi Province is interpreted by remote sensing combined with field investigation, and the geological environment data such as vegetation coverage, slope and topography are obtained. On this basis, the degree of influence of coal mining on the geological environment of the mine is the main factor, and the severity of the geological environmental problems in the whole mining area is evaluated in different areas. A quantitative evaluation system suitable for Shuonan mining area in Shanxi Province was constructed and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the geological environment of the mine. According to the relevant laws and regulations, using experts to score, established the grading criteria of each evaluation index. The weight value of index is determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and a program is written in R software to calculate the weight of evaluation index, which makes the calculation of weight value of evaluation index quick and convenient. A single influencing factor was evaluated, and a score chart of each index was made. Finally, the layer superposition of each evaluation index is carried out on ARCGIS platform, and the zoning map of geological environment quality of mining area is obtained. Based on the evaluation results, some suggestions for mine geological protection in Shuonan mining area are put forward. The results show that the evaluation index system is in line with the actual situation of geological environment problems caused by coal mining in Shuonan mining area, and can be used as the technical basis for the restoration and management of mines in the later stage. According to the zoning map of geological environment quality of mining area, the area of serious area of mining area is 38.86 km ~ 2, which accounts for 6.70% of the total area of mining area, the area of more serious area is 389.82 km ~ 2, accounting for 67.21% of the total area of mining area, and the area of general area is 151.32 km ~ 2, accounting for 26.09% of the total area of mining area. Suggestions on prevention and control of mine environment in different regions are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD167

【参考文献】