煤矿工作面作业环境及煤与瓦斯突出危险综合评价研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 22:42

本文选题：采掘工作面 + 作业环境　；参考：《安徽理工大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：煤矿开采活动中会因各种作业而衍生大量产物,例如瓦斯、煤尘、辐射、热、爆炸、火、水、噪音等,对作业人员的职业健康带来危害的同时,往往也会引起事故危险(爆炸、突出、火灾、辐射),给煤矿工人生命财产带来巨大威胁。与世界发达产煤国家相比,我国煤矿安全生产形势一直存在较大差距,这除了与开采条件复杂、生产技术落后有关外,总体管理水平不高也是主要原因之一。研究更为科学的煤矿工作面环境评价方法,进而提升工作面作业环境管理水平,对于保障煤矿的安全高效生产至关重要。本文首先针对目前工作面环境评价多针对单一因素,对环境各要素间的相互关联性和对工作面环境影响的综合性缺乏考虑,评价手段过于依赖于专家打分等存在的问题。从职业健康视角对煤矿工作面环境评价进行了研究。在对现有煤矿采掘工作面环境评价方法进行充分调研分析基础上,提出了随机模拟评价理论与模式,考虑指标的随机变化特征,在贫权重和缺乏专家打分信息的情况下实现对采掘工作面环境的综合评价与分级。此外,针对部分指标具有多维性,存在二级指标的问题,对基于投影寻踪法评价工作面热环境、粉尘、照明、气体环境的方法进行了研究。然后,从事故安全视角,以煤与瓦斯突出为研究对象,在收集、整理与分析煤与瓦斯突出事故的典型案例,以及对煤与瓦斯突出机理,孕育及演化特征进行深入研究分析的基础上,构建了综合考虑瓦斯地质、开采工艺、生产过程等因素的预警指标体系,开发了煤与瓦斯突出危险评价与预警信息系统。并对突出危险预警信息管理、应急处置策略和应急响应机制等进行了系统研究。本论文得到了以下成果和结论：1.煤矿开采过程环境复杂且相对封闭,影响因素包括瓦斯、粉尘、有害气体、热环境、爆炸、火、水、噪音、照明等,本文以对工作面作业人员心理和生理起重要影响作用为选取原则,在对煤矿开采过程环境进行系统分析的基础上,考虑二级指标,建立了包括有害气体、煤尘、热环境、噪声、照明和作业条件等的综合指标体系,并统一采用5级标准,按照Ⅰ(优)、Ⅱ(良)、Ⅲ(中)、Ⅳ(合格)和V(不合格)分级。2.部分环境指标如粉尘、噪声和湿度等具有随机变化特征,取固定位置或单次测定值给指标赋值不尽合理。针对此提出首先确定评价指标的取值范围和分布状态,并基于分布状态在相应的值域内随机取样的解决思路,使指标赋值更贴近实际。并基于随机模拟评价理论,结合MonteCarlo随机模拟和反转排序算法,建立了煤矿采掘工作面作业环境综合评价模型。评价过程考虑了指标的随机波动特征,在指标取值范围内采取均匀分布或正态分布模型随机取值,利用随机模拟仿真的方法,多次充分求解,在众多可能性排序中得到最大可能性排序结论,可避免一次排序就得到最终结论,导致求解结论不客观的问题。3.现有采掘工作面作业环境评价方法如模糊综合评判、灰色关联法等,均属于CDA法(证实性数据分析思维法),缺点是要求数据具有明确的结构或特征,而当评价数据结构与假设不符时,评价精度将难以保证。此外,采煤工作面部分作业环境评价指标如光照、有害气体等包含二级指标,按照一级指标处理将可能影响指标系统性和客观性。针对此提出基于遗传投影寻踪法的作业环境评价模型,并进行了应用验证,评价结论与实际相符,且因指标保持了原有的层级结构,可为管理者提供更为精细化的决策支持。4.建立了以实时指标、动态指标、预测指标和基础信息相结合的,煤与瓦斯突出危险综合评价指标体系,其中,实时指标体系反映了瓦斯涌出异常的本质和现象,具体包括波动率、频率、浓度瞬时增幅和均值线指标；动态指标反映了瓦斯压力和地应力异常,包括打钻异常、地应力显现、集中应力、地质构造、生产工艺和煤层特性等；预测指标和煤层基础信息反映煤层和瓦斯地质异常,具体有钻屑量和钻孔瓦斯涌出初速度等。三类指标体系全面反映了煤与瓦斯突出机理、在早期孕育阶段的演化过程中的动态,相互结合实现对煤与瓦斯突出危险的准确、实时评价。
[Abstract]:In coal mining activities, a large number of products will be derived from various operations, such as gas, coal dust, radiation, heat, explosion, fire, water, noise and so on. It will bring harm to the occupational health of the workers, and often cause the danger of accidents (explosion, outburst, fire, radiation), and bring great threat to the life and property of coal miners. There has been a large gap in the situation of coal mine safety production in China, which is one of the main reasons in addition to complicated mining conditions, backward production technology and low overall management level. It is very important to produce fully efficient production. Firstly, in this paper, the environmental evaluation of the present working face is mainly focused on the single factor, and it lacks consideration of the interrelation between the various environmental factors and the comprehensive effects on the working face environment. The evaluation means are too dependent on the problems of expert scoring. On the basis of full investigation and analysis of the existing coal mining face environmental evaluation methods, the stochastic simulation evaluation theory and model are put forward, the random variation characteristics of the indexes are considered, and the comprehensive evaluation and classification of the mining working face environment are realized under the conditions of poor weight and lack of expert scoring information. The index has a multi-dimensional and two level index, and the method of evaluating the thermal environment, dust, lighting and gas environment based on the projection pursuit method is studied. Then, the typical cases of coal and gas outburst are collected, collated and analyzed from the perspective of accident safety and the coal and gas outburst, and the coal and the coal and the coal and gas outburst. On the basis of deep research and Analysis on the mechanism, inoculation and evolution of gas outburst, an early warning index system which considers gas geology, mining technology, production process and other factors is constructed, and the coal and gas outburst risk assessment and early warning information system is developed, and the emergency warning information management, emergency disposal strategy and emergency response are also developed. The following results and conclusions are obtained in this paper: 1. the coal mining process is complicated and relatively closed, the influencing factors include gas, dust, harmful gas, thermal environment, explosion, fire, water, noise, lighting and so on. On the basis of systematic analysis of the coal mining process environment, the comprehensive index system including harmful gas, coal dust, thermal environment, noise, lighting and operating conditions is established on the basis of two grade indexes, and the 5 level standard is adopted to classify the environmental indicators such as dust and noise according to the grade I (excellent), II (good) (good), III (middle), IV (qualified) and V (unqualified). There are random changes in sound and humidity, and the value of fixed position or single measurement is not reasonable. First, the value range and distribution state of the evaluation index are determined. Based on the solution idea of random sampling in the corresponding range, the value of the index is closer to the reality and based on the random simulation evaluation. In theory, combined with MonteCarlo random simulation and inversion sorting algorithm, a comprehensive evaluation model of coal mining working face environment is established. The evaluation process takes into account the characteristics of the random fluctuation of the index, and takes a uniform distribution or the normal distribution model randomly in the range of the index value. The greatest possibility sort conclusion is obtained in many possibilities sorting, and the final conclusion can be avoided. The problem of solving the conclusion is not objective..3. existing mining working face evaluation methods, such as fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and grey relational method, are all belong to the CDA method (evidence analysis method of data analysis), and the shortcoming is that the data is required. There is a clear structure or characteristic, but when the evaluation data structure is not consistent with the hypothesis, the evaluation precision will be difficult to guarantee. In addition, the evaluation index of the working face of the coal mining face, such as illumination, harmful gas, and so on, contains two levels of index, and it may affect the index system and objectivity according to the first grade index. The operational environment evaluation model of the tracer method has been verified with the application verification. The evaluation conclusion is consistent with the reality, and the original hierarchical structure is maintained because of the index. It can provide more refined decision support for the manager.4., which combines the real-time index, dynamic index, prediction index and basic information, and the comprehensive evaluation of coal and gas outburst risk. In the index system, the real time index system reflects the essence and phenomenon of the abnormal gas emission, including the fluctuation rate, frequency, concentration instantaneous increase and mean line index, and the dynamic index reflects the gas pressure and the anomaly of ground stress, including the drilling anomaly, the stress appearance, the concentrated stress, the geological structure, the production process and the coal seam characteristics, etc. The prediction index and the coal seam basic information reflect the coal seam and gas geological anomaly, including the amount of drilling chip and the initial velocity of the gas emission from the borehole. The three kind of index system comprehensively reflects the coal and gas outburst mechanism. In the evolution process of the early inoculation stage, the system realizes the accuracy and real-time evaluation of the coal and gas outburst risk.

【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD713

【相似文献】