神木北部采煤塌陷区土壤与植被损害过程及机理分析

发布时间：2018-05-02 02:50

本文选题：神木北部矿区 + 采煤塌陷　；参考：《煤炭学报》2017年01期

【摘要】：通过对神木北部矿区塌陷1,2,5,10 a和未塌陷区植物群落调查和土壤因子的测试,采用因子分析法评价不同塌陷年限下土壤质量和植被群落结构优劣,同时利用冗余和聚类分析研究植物与土壤之间的相互关系及其演变过程,并基于植被—土壤耦合模型判定不同塌陷年限土壤因子与植物群落耦合协调性。结果表明:1采煤塌陷导致土壤质量与植被群落结构退化,随塌陷时间的推移呈自然恢复趋势,但10 a后植物群落结构和土壤因子仍不能恢复至塌陷前水平;2塌陷区土壤有机质、水分和微生物是决定土壤质量和植物群落特征的关键因素,土壤硬度、速效养分和酶类是影响植物群落生产力和多样性的主要因子,而全效养分影响力相对较小;3塌陷区植物群落和土壤质量大体经过退化、改善和初步恢复3个不同的演化阶段;4植被与土壤的耦合协调性塌陷2 a后逐渐恢复,但至塌陷10 a仍未达到未塌陷地良好的耦合协调水平。神木北部矿区采煤对生态环境损害具有一定延续性,且生态系统自修复能力较弱,因此减少采动损害、实行自然与人工修复相结合应作为该区生态环境保护的指导原则。
[Abstract]:Based on the investigation of plant communities and soil factors in the subsidence area of northern Shenmu mining area for 10 years and in the unsubsided area, the soil quality and vegetation community structure under different collapsing years were evaluated by factor analysis method. At the same time, redundancy and cluster analysis were used to study the relationship between plant and soil and its evolution process, and based on the vegetation-soil coupling model, the coupling coordination between soil factors and plant communities in different collapsing years was determined. The results showed that the soil quality and vegetation community structure were degraded due to the collapse of Wei 1 coal mining, but the plant community structure and soil factors could not recover to the level of soil organic matter in the subsidence area after 10 years. Water and microorganism are the key factors to determine soil quality and plant community characteristics. Soil hardness, available nutrients and enzymes are the main factors affecting plant community productivity and diversity. The plant community and soil quality in the subsided area were degraded, and the coupling and coordination of vegetation and soil in three different evolution stages were improved and preliminarily restored after 2 years of collapse. However, the level of good coupling and coordination was still not reached in the subsidence area for 10 years. Coal mining in northern Shenmu mining area has a certain continuity of ecological environment damage, and the ecological system self-repair ability is weak, so reducing mining damage and carrying out the combination of natural and artificial restoration should be the guiding principle of ecological environment protection in this area.
【作者单位】：西安科技大学地质与环境学院;西安科技大学煤炭绿色开采地质保障技术研究所;
【基金】：陕西省教育厅科学研究基金资助项目(14JK1481) 西安科技大学博士启动金资助项目(2014QDJ019) 国家自然科学基金资助项目(41402308)
【分类号】：TD88;Q948

【相似文献】