玲南金矿深部开采岩爆危险性分析与危险区域预测

发布时间：2018-05-05 06:31

本文选题：岩爆 + 深部开采　；参考：《北京科技大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：金属矿山深部开采过程中,受高应力、强扰动等深部环境因素影响,深部岩石岩爆等动力灾害现象与浅部相比更加频繁和剧烈,严重制约着矿山向深部开采。随着我国金属矿山开采深度逐年增加,岩爆地质灾害的危害性日趋显著。本文作为国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)重点项目课题“深井岩爆灾害动态监测与危险性分析技术”的组成部分,以玲南金矿为工程背景,研究成果为该矿深部开采岩爆预测和防控提供理论依据。本文研究主要获得以下成果： 1.通过对玲南金矿深部复杂岩体环境进行研究,明确了玲南金矿深部地质构造及区域水文地质条件；采用应力解除法测量了玲南金矿三个中段共计六个测点的地应力值,并结合偏最小二乘法对玲南金矿原始地应力场进行反演,获得了矿区应力场分布规律；针对原始地应力场,采用动力区划理论中的应力集中系数,评价得出玲南金矿处于应力升高区,岩爆发生危险性较高。 2.通过数值模拟分析了玲南金矿开采过程中的应力场演化规律,提出玲南金矿采场结构存在的应力拱效应。受应力拱效应影响,应力异常区域集中在穿脉掌子面附近,且同一水平内的穿脉掌子面连线形成一条应力升高带,应力拱的顶点同应力升高带控制着整个采场的应力异常区变化。根据建立的库伦扰动应力增量模型和相关动力学特征判据,分析了开采对断层影响带的扰动响应,揭示了玲南金矿断层库伦扰动应力激发区与应力影区分布特征。针对矿区高应力异常区潜在的岩爆危险性预测,提出了深部岩爆灾害防治技术与工程措施。即通过优化采矿顺序,降低采场高应力异常区的最大主应力,从而可以从应力方面实现降低岩爆灾害发生的可能性。 3.通过对玲南金矿岩样进行单轴抗压、抗拉试验,分析了玲南金矿深部矿岩的动力学性能,玲南金矿无蚀变带围岩各项岩爆冲击倾向性较高,在破坏之前能吸收较多的弹性能,破坏烈度更高；通过三轴循环加卸载实验,将表征岩石冲击倾向状态的弹性能指标与损伤变量进行关联分析,得出了弹性能指标随损伤变量增加的变化规律,针对玲南金矿深部围岩岩爆发生条件定义了岩爆发生的危险区间；通过岩石声发射测试,揭示了玲南金矿深部矿岩岩爆倾向性与岩石加载破坏过程中的声发射响应特征的关系,发现中等岩爆倾向性岩石的声发射能量累积计数是低等岩爆倾向性岩石的10倍以上。显然,两种岩爆程度的声发射能量累积计数存在数量级的差异。 4.针对矿山深部开采过程中的岩爆灾害,提出了冲击危险性与岩爆冲击势的概念,将岩爆发生的可能性与岩爆灾害的烈度进行了区分。建立了玲南金矿岩爆危险性多级判别体系,综合应用地质条件、埋深、深部矿岩岩性、应力条件以及能量赋存等多维信息,对玲南金矿深部采场的高冲击岩爆危险区域进行分析识别。将采用此判别获得的十九中段高冲击岩爆危险区域与微震监测结果进行对比分析,发现微震发生位置与危险区域吻合度较高,验证了此方法在玲南金矿的可用性。以此对玲南金矿深部即将开采的20中段标高-607m处平面采场的高冲击岩爆危险区域进行识别,获得了-607m处平面采场岩爆危险区域,为下一步矿山的开采设计提供指导,并将以上述判别体系集成到“玲南金矿岩爆灾害危险性分析系统”,为开采过程的高冲击岩爆危险区域预测和岩爆灾害防控提供了技术支撑,为玲南金矿深部采矿安全生产奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:In the process of deep mining of metal mines , dynamic disasters such as high stress and strong disturbance are more frequent and violent than those of shallow parts , which severely restrict the mine to deep mining . As the mining depth of metal mines in China increases year by year , the harmfulness of rock burst geological disasters is becoming more and more significant .

1 . Through the study of the deep complex rock mass environment in Lingan gold deposit , the deep geological structure and regional hydrogeological conditions of Lingan gold deposit are defined .
The stress relief method is adopted to measure the stress value of six test points in the three middle sections of Lingan gold deposit , and the initial stress field of Lingan gold deposit is inverted by means of partial least square method , and the distribution law of the stress field in the mining area is obtained .
According to the initial stress field , the stress concentration coefficient in the theory of dynamic zoning is adopted , and it is concluded that Lingan gold deposit is in the stress - raising area , and the rock burst risk is high .

Based on the established Coulomb perturbation stress increment model and the relevant dynamic characteristic criterion , the paper analyzes the disturbance response of the mining to the fault zone , and puts forward the technical and engineering measures of the deep rock burst disaster prevention and control .

3 . The dynamic properties of the deep ore rock in Lingan gold deposit were analyzed by uniaxial compressive and tensile tests on the rock samples of the Nanling gold deposit . The rock burst impact tendency of the non - corrosion zone surrounding rock in Lingan gold deposit was higher , and more elastic energy could be absorbed before the failure , and the destruction intensity was higher ;
Through the three - axis cyclic loading and unloading experiment , the elastic performance index and the damage variable of the rock burst tendency state are analyzed , and the variation law of the elastic performance index with the damage variable is obtained , and the dangerous section of rock burst occurrence is defined for the rock burst occurrence condition of the deep surrounding rock in Lingan gold deposit ;
Through the rock acoustic emission test , the relationship between the rock burst tendency and the acoustic emission response characteristics in the rock loading and failure process is revealed . It is found that the cumulative count of the acoustic emission energy of the medium rock burst rock is more than 10 times of the low rock burst tendency rock . It is clear that the difference between the two types of sonic emission energy accumulation counts is in the order of magnitude .

4 . According to the rock burst disaster in the deep mining process of the mine , the concept of rock burst risk and rock burst impact is put forward , the probability of rock burst and the intensity of rock burst disaster are distinguished .

【学位授予单位】：北京科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD326;TD863

【参考文献】