液压凿岩机冲击机构内泄漏及活塞液压卡紧力研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 15:16

本文选题：液压冲击机构 + 正交试验　；参考：《湘潭大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：液压凿岩机是目前专门应用于勘探、露天和地下采矿、铁路隧道建设、水电建筑工程等领域的高效节能凿岩设备。在凿岩过程中由于冲击活塞的高速往复冲击运动等原因,液压凿岩机的核心工作部件——冲击机构,往往会出现内泄漏以及活塞径向不平衡的现象。冲击机构一旦发生内泄漏和活塞径向不平衡,轻则会降低冲击做功的性能,减少冲击机构的寿命,重则导致冲击性能彻底失效。为了减少冲击机构的内泄漏,降低活塞液压卡紧出现的几率,本文对冲击机构间隙内泄漏和活塞所受液压卡紧力进行了研究,具体工作内容如下:(1)基于液压凿岩机冲击机构的工作原理和冲击活塞的运动规律,在给定活塞冲击末速度和冲击频率等参数的前提下对活塞运动学参数进行了设计,在此基础上建立了冲击机构周期内泄漏和瞬态内泄漏的数学模型。(2)运用MATLAB软件,对所建数学模型进行仿真分析,得出系统压力、间隙高度、密封长度等单因素对间隙泄漏量的影响规律,同时为后续正交试验的因素水平的取值提供了依据。(3)基于计算流体动力学(CFD)理论,运用FLUENT仿真软件,采用正交试验法仿真分析了各因素相互影响的情况下对间隙周期泄漏量的影响规律。将仿真值与数学模型计算值进行了对比,得出间隙高度、密封长度的合理取值范围。(4)对比分析了缸体内壁开不同结构的平衡槽时间隙流场内压力、流速的分布情况,以及对间隙泄漏量大小的影响情况。分析了活塞偏心且由于加工误差形成倒锥结构时,活塞在不同运动状态下所受的液压卡紧力,并分析了不同平衡槽对活塞所受液压卡紧力的影响规律。综合考虑泄漏量和液压卡紧力以及加工误差对冲击机构工作性能的影响,对冲击机构的结构设计具有一定的实际指导意义。
[Abstract]:Hydraulic rock drill is a kind of high efficiency and energy saving drilling equipment which is specially used in exploration, open and underground mining, railway tunnel construction, hydropower construction and so on. In the process of rock drilling, due to the high speed reciprocating movement of the impact piston and so on, the impingement mechanism, the core part of the hydraulic rock drill, often appears the phenomenon of internal leakage and radial imbalance of the piston. Once the internal leakage and piston radial imbalance occur in the impact mechanism, the light will reduce the performance of the impact work, reduce the life of the impact mechanism, and lead to the complete failure of the impact performance. In order to reduce the internal leakage of the impact mechanism and reduce the probability of hydraulic clamping of the piston, the leakage in the clearance of the impingement mechanism and the hydraulic clamping force on the piston are studied in this paper. The specific work contents are as follows: (1) based on the working principle of the impact mechanism of the hydraulic rock drill and the motion law of the impact piston, the kinematics parameters of the piston are designed under the premise of the parameters such as the piston impact terminal velocity and the impact frequency. On this basis, the mathematical model of leakage in cycle and transient leakage of impact mechanism is established. The mathematical model is simulated and analyzed by using MATLAB software, and the pressure and clearance height of the system are obtained. The effect of single factors such as seal length on clearance leakage is studied. At the same time, based on the theory of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and FLUENT simulation software, it provides a basis for determining the factor level of the following orthogonal test. The orthogonal test method is used to simulate and analyze the influence of different factors on the leakage rate of gap period. The simulation value is compared with the calculated value of mathematical model, and the reasonable value range of clearance height and seal length is obtained. And the influence on the clearance leakage. The hydraulic clamping force of piston under different motion states is analyzed when the piston is eccentric and the inverted cone structure is formed due to the machining error. The influence of different balancing slots on the hydraulic clamping force of piston is analyzed. Considering the effects of leakage, hydraulic clamping force and machining error on the working performance of the impact mechanism, it is of practical significance to design the structure of the impact mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD421.2

【参考文献】