综放工作面坚硬顶板深孔松动爆破技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 03:01

本文选题：坚硬顶板 + 深孔松动爆破　；参考：《太原理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在煤矿开采过程中，煤层上的坚硬顶板是造成煤矿事故的主要灾害之一。坚硬顶板是指在开采煤层之上厚度大、强度高、节理裂隙极不发育、整体性强和自承能力强的顶板。这样的顶板会导致悬顶面积很大，突然冒落带来的冲击动压对井下设备和工作人员造成危害，给煤矿安全生产带来极大的隐患。因此，在过去科研人员对此类顶板的研究的基础上，本文以漳村煤矿2105综放面坚硬顶板为工业实践来探讨控制此类顶板的爆破技术。本文采用理论研究、数值模拟以及工业实践相结合的方法，首先对漳村煤矿2105综放面进行现场勘查和资料搜集，掌握该综放面的采煤方法和管理顶板的技术等，并对漳村煤矿2105综放面的坚硬顶板作了分析探讨。结合经验最终确定采用深孔松动爆破技术弱化该综放面的坚硬顶板。采用深孔松动爆破技术，预先破坏顶板的完整性，减小顶板悬露面积，缩小顶板初次垮落步距，防止或减弱这种大面积顶板来压隐患。通过对比爆破前后综放面CO浓度和支架的工作阻力，，以及顶板破碎窥视结果详细分析深孔爆破技术弱化坚硬顶板的效果。最后借助ANSYS/LS-DYNA大型数值模拟软件，对耦合装药结构和空气不耦合装药结构进行了模拟对比分析，通过得出的应力图和裂隙图说明采用空气不耦合装药结构可以较好地使炮孔间的裂隙贯通，破坏了坚硬顶板的完整性，达到安全放顶的目的；通过模拟对比起爆组距离为8.5m、9m、9.5m时的应力裂隙图，得出当相邻起爆组的距离为9m时，产生的爆破效果较佳，相邻炮孔之间的裂隙贯通较好，并且每组起爆孔产生的裂隙扩展范围不是很大，相邻起爆组起爆时产生的影响甚微。所以模拟计算得出9m的爆破组距离与爆破方案设计的基本吻合，这样就验证了爆破方案的可行性。
[Abstract]:In the process of coal mining, the hard roof in coal seam is one of the main disasters causing coal mine accidents. Hard roof is a roof with large thickness, high strength, undeveloped joints and cracks, strong integrity and self-supporting ability. Such roof will lead to a large area of suspended roof, and the impact dynamic pressure caused by sudden fall will cause harm to the equipment and staff, and bring great hidden danger to the safety of coal mine production. Therefore, based on the research of this kind of roof in the past, this paper discusses the blasting technology of controlling this kind of roof based on the industrial practice of 2105 fully-mechanized caving face of Zhangcun Coal Mine. In this paper, with the methods of theoretical research, numerical simulation and industrial practice, the 2105 fully mechanized caving face of Zhangcun Coal Mine is investigated and collected on the spot, and the mining method of the fully mechanized caving face and the technology of roof management are mastered. The hard roof of 2105 fully mechanized caving face in Zhangcun Coal Mine is analyzed and discussed. Combined with experience, it is determined that the hard roof of the fully mechanized caving face can be weakened by deep hole loosening blasting technique. By using the technology of deep hole loosening blasting, the integrity of the roof is destroyed in advance, the hanging area of the roof is reduced, and the initial collapse distance of the roof is reduced, so as to prevent or weaken the hidden danger of the large area roof. By comparing the CO concentration of fully mechanized caving face before and after blasting, the working resistance of the support, and the peep-view result of roof breakage, the effect of deep hole blasting on weakening hard roof is analyzed in detail. Finally, the coupling charge structure and the air-uncoupled charge structure are simulated and analyzed with the help of ANSYS/LS-DYNA numerical simulation software. The stress diagram and fracture diagram show that the air discoupling charge structure can make the fracture between the holes through, destroy the integrity of the hard roof, and achieve the purpose of safe roof release. By simulating and comparing the stress fissure diagram when the distance of the initiation group is 8.5 m ~ 9 m ~ 9.5 m, it is concluded that when the distance of the adjacent initiation group is 9 m, the blasting effect is better and the crack between the adjacent holes is better. Moreover, the range of crack propagation of each group is not very large, and the effect of adjacent initiation group is very little. Therefore, the simulation results show that the distance of 9m blasting group is basically consistent with the design of the blasting scheme, which verifies the feasibility of the blasting scheme.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD235.4;TD327.2

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