某300吨级矿用自卸车后桥壳的结构设计与优化

发布时间：2018-05-12 22:31

本文选题：后桥壳 + 有限元分析　；参考：《中南林业科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,矿用自卸车因承载能力强大而得到了人们广泛青睐,在我国的销量逐年稳定递增,并实现了 300吨级矿用自卸车国产化。矿用自卸车驱动后桥系统是汽车传动系的总成之一,其基本功用是在承受载荷的同时,将发动机输出的扭矩最后传递到驱动轮,以达到车辆行驶的目的。后桥壳是驱动后桥系统的基体,在车辆行驶过程中需承受多种载荷的作用,其结构设计直接影响矿用自卸汽车的安全性和可靠性,是自卸车极为重要的安全件和功能件。通常后桥壳的结构设计凭借经验和手册,设计的产品由于复杂的工况环境无法采用经典力学进行强度校核,设计师凭经验会采用保守设计,这样必然导致设计产品笨重且不合理。本文基于某300吨级矿用自卸车整车的参数和工况分析,对矿用自卸车后桥壳进行了以下几个方面的研究:首先,调研国内外矿用自卸车不同的车型,结合大量文献,列出几个品牌公司畅销款型整车的基本尺寸;根据A型悬架和三连杆悬架优缺点的对比,确定后悬悬架的设计方案,并给出后悬的基本结构尺寸。其次,由于车架和后桥系统紧密相连,根据车架承载情况,计算后桥壳的受力大小,通过校核连接紧固件,确定后桥壳的基本尺寸;并对后桥壳焊接工艺进行分析研究。再次,对后桥壳结构进行整体设计,绘制二维图纸,并建立三维实体模型;利用有限元分析软件ANSYS workbench,建立有限元模型,基于正常工况和极端工况,对所设计的后桥壳结构进行强度分析。最后,采用正交试验设计给出样本,通过有限元软件计算响应值,即可构建Krigng代理模型。本文采用多岛遗传算法(MIGA)对后桥壳进行优化设计,并与非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II)优化结果进行对比,两种方法可确保优化结果的合理性,而较优化前,优化后的后桥壳重量得到了大幅度降低。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the mine dump truck has been widely favored by people because of its strong carrying capacity. The sales volume in our country has been steadily increasing year by year, and the 300 ton mine dump truck has been made locally. The driving rear axle system of mine dump truck is one of the assemblies of the automobile transmission system. Its basic function is to transfer the torque of engine output to the driving wheel at the same time of bearing the load, so as to achieve the purpose of driving the vehicle. The rear axle housing is the base of driving the rear axle system, and it must bear many kinds of loads in the driving process of the vehicle. Its structure design directly affects the safety and reliability of the mine dump truck, and is an extremely important safety and function part of the dump truck. Usually, the structural design of the rear axle shell depends on the experience and manual, the design product can not be checked by classical mechanics because of the complex working condition environment, the designer will adopt conservative design based on the experience. This will inevitably lead to heavy and unreasonable design products. Based on the analysis of the parameters and working conditions of a 300-ton mine dump truck, this paper studies the rear axle shell of the mine dump truck in the following aspects: firstly, it investigates the different models of the mine dump truck at home and abroad, combined with a large number of documents. According to the comparison of advantages and disadvantages between A-type suspension and three-link suspension, the design scheme of rear suspension is determined, and the basic structural dimensions of rear suspension are given. Secondly, because the frame and the rear axle system are closely connected, according to the loading condition of the frame, the force size of the rear axle shell is calculated, and the basic size of the rear axle shell is determined by checking the fastener, and the welding technology of the rear axle shell is analyzed and studied. Thirdly, the structure of rear axle shell is designed as a whole, 2D drawing is drawn, and three-dimensional solid model is established. The finite element model is established by using finite element analysis software ANSYS workbench, which is based on normal and extreme working conditions. The strength of the rear axle shell is analyzed. Finally, the Krigng agent model can be constructed by using the orthogonal test design to give the sample, and the response value is calculated by the finite element software. In this paper, multi-island genetic algorithm (MIGA) is used to optimize the design of the rear axle shell, and the optimization results are compared with the results of the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). The two methods can ensure the rationality of the optimization results, but before the optimization, the two methods can ensure the rationality of the optimization results. The weight of the optimized rear axle shell is greatly reduced.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD50

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