基于φ-OTDR系统的煤炭运输轨道故障监测

发布时间：2018-05-13 01:31

本文选题：胶带输送机 + 分布式光纤振动传感系统　；参考：《重庆大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：煤炭作为我国工业生产的主要能源,其产量是衡量一个国家经济的重要指标。胶带输送机是煤炭生产过程中的主要运输设备,具有运量大、连续运输性能好的优点。对于长距离输送的胶带运输机,及时发现和准确定位故障发生点可以减少因机器故障而停止工作的时间,从而有效提高运输效率。传统的故障保护器采用的是开关接点输出,不具有位置识别能力。分布式光纤振动传感器利用光纤作为传感和传输介质,能对光纤沿线进行实时的远程监测。此外,光纤传感器具有抗电磁干扰、耐腐蚀、质量轻、体积小等优点,能够在煤矿井下的恶劣环境中工作。论文以重庆煤科院的实际运煤系统为研究对象,根据生产现场的具体情况与系统的功能需求,将φ-OTDR系统用于胶带输送机托辊的健康监测与报警,并实现了在一分钟之内对故障进行报警并精确定位,报警准确率达99%。本文的主要研究内容包括以下几个方面:①从瑞利散射的理论出发,着重描述了φ-OTDR系统的结构和基本原理,文中建立了两个形象的物理模型来阐述φ-OTDR的物理机制,并对其空间分辨率、动态范围、频率响应等主要性能指标做了讨论。②搭建了基于φ-OTDR的分布式光纤振动传感系统,并论证了其用于胶带运输轮健康监测的可行性。系统中光纤光子实验室自行设计制作的窄线宽激光器的线宽为500Hz,输出功率约为7mw,性能优良。另外自行搭建了含有三个WDM结构的EDFA进行光放大。为了将传感光纤安全稳固地缠绕在运输轮的托辊上,设计并加工出铝合金材料的螺旋形圆盘结构粘在托辊轴芯上。③基于Lab VIEW软件进行数据采集和处理,并在其中调用Matlab软件编写的小波分解程序进行降噪,提取出输送机的振动幅值信息。实验中成功地将好轮和坏轮区分开,并使用Lab VIEW设计了生动形象的报警界面,能在一分钟以内检测到坏轮并进行报警。该系统故障报警准确率达99%。文中对产生误报率的原因进行了分析。本系统解决了传统方法不能及时报警和定位的不足,节约了煤矿井下的人力和物力,极大地提高了煤矿的生产效率与安全可靠性,有望投入实际生产应用。
[Abstract]:As the main energy of industrial production in China, coal output is an important index to measure a country's economy. Belt conveyor is the main transportation equipment in coal production process, which has the advantages of large capacity and good continuous transportation performance. For the belt conveyor with long distance transportation, the time of stopping work due to machine failure can be reduced by detecting and accurately locating the fault point in time, and the efficiency of transportation can be improved effectively. The traditional fault protector uses the switch contact output, and does not have the ability of position recognition. The distributed optical fiber vibration sensor uses optical fiber as sensing and transmission medium, and can be used for real-time remote monitoring along the optical fiber. In addition, the optical fiber sensor has the advantages of anti-electromagnetic interference, corrosion resistance, light weight, small volume and so on, and can work in the harsh environment of coal mine. Taking the actual coal transportation system of Chongqing Academy of Coal Science as the research object, according to the concrete situation of the production site and the functional requirements of the system, the 蠁 -OTDR system is applied to the health monitoring and alarm of the belt conveyor roller. The fault alarm and accurate location are realized within one minute, and the alarm accuracy is 99%. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: 1. From the theory of Rayleigh scattering, the structure and basic principle of 蠁 -OTDR system are described emphatically. Two physical models of 蠁 -OTDR are established to illustrate the physical mechanism of 蠁 -OTDR. The spatial resolution, dynamic range, frequency response and other main performance indexes are discussed. 2. A distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on 蠁 -OTDR is built, and the feasibility of its application to health monitoring of belt transport wheel is demonstrated. The narrow linewidth laser designed by the optical fiber photonic laboratory in the system has a linewidth of 500 Hz and an output power of about 7 MW. In addition, a EDFA with three WDM structures was built for optical amplification. In order to wrap the sensing fiber safely and securely around the roller of the transport wheel, the spiral disk structure of aluminum alloy material is designed and machined to stick to the roller shaft core. 3. 3. Based on Lab VIEW software, the data are collected and processed. The wavelet decomposition program written by Matlab software is used to reduce the noise and extract the vibration amplitude information of the conveyor. In the experiment, the good wheel and the bad wheel are divided successfully, and a vivid alarm interface is designed by using Lab VIEW, which can detect the bad wheel and alarm in one minute. The accuracy rate of fault alarm of this system is as high as 99%. The cause of false alarm rate is analyzed in this paper. The system solves the shortage of the traditional method which can not alarm and locate in time, saves the manpower and material resources in the coal mine, greatly improves the production efficiency and safety reliability of the coal mine, and is expected to be put into practical production and application.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD524

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