旧采残煤的资源、综采方法与矿压规律研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 15:32

  本文选题：旧采残煤 + 巷式采空区　； 参考：《太原理工大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：我国及山西省优质浅埋深的煤炭资源开采历史悠久,各个历史时期的旧式采煤法回采率不足20%,形成了巨大的残煤资源量,本论文围绕旧式采煤法残留煤炭资源与特征、复采方法、矿压规律和旧采残煤资源综采的关键科学与技术问题进行了研究。旧式采煤方法是指巷道式采煤、简易房柱式采煤和刀柱式采煤方法。本文进行了大量调研,以及旧采关闭矿井的井下实际勘察和收集整理历史资料,详细剖析了不同历史时期,山西旧式采煤方法开采的100余座矿井煤层回采与残留资源的实际工程平面图,统计获得了各历史时期煤炭资源回采率和残留煤炭资源情况和特征,得出如下结论:1)山西省旧采残煤资源量为223.75亿吨,全国的旧采残煤资源量为801亿吨;2)旧采残煤区内普遍存在有一定量的积水和积气。积水和积气存在的特点是:积水区范围以及积水量普遍不清;旧采残煤存在时间长,残煤煤体内裂隙普遍发育,残留煤体内瓦斯含量较低,小于5m3/t,煤体内瓦斯压强一般低于0.5MPa。经过深入研究,本文提出了旧采残煤复采的综采方法及其应遵循的基本原则:1)残煤区物理勘探先行,基本搞清楚采空区和实体煤的分布情况,以及采空区积水与积气的分布情况。2)分区处置,先将整个矿井合理分区,并用注浆方法将这些区域严格分割和封闭,然后分区处置采空区积水和积气,继而分步分区实施开采。3)采用采区和大工作面正常布局的综采技术方案,选择重型化的综采装备。论文采用相似模拟实验方法,对房柱式、房柱式和刀柱式混合的3个旧采残煤工作面的复采进行了大尺寸三维相似模拟试验。并在此基础上,进行了大量的三维数值模拟研究。二者对比,总结分析了工作面与巷式采空区0°、20°、40°、45°、60°、90°斜交布置下煤层和顶板的拉伸与塑性破坏、垂直应力分布和位移规律。上述实验结果表明,当旧采残煤复采工作面与旧采形成的巷式采空区走向有一较大的角度斜交布置时(该角度一般取30°),均可实现残煤资源的顺利可靠回采。当斜交角度小于30°时,回采工作面架前会因矿山压力显现造成工作面前方顶板下沉及大面积的垮落,导致回采工作不能顺利进行。残煤开采过程中,工作面开采前方的残留煤柱边缘和中部的应力大小差异较大,最大差异值可达原岩应力的2~3倍。文中详细介绍了作者负责实施的西曲矿22102工作面回采过程中,以不同斜交方式通过工作面前方巷道的经验,以及较详细的观测资料,数值模拟、相似模拟和工程实践均证实上述结论是正确的。本文提出的旧采残煤综采方法及其关键技术方案,由作者负责,在斜沟煤矿18107工作面面积为102960m2的残煤区复采中得以工业实施。主要工程研究工作和结论为:1)采空区积水及其处置:旧采残煤区存在大量积水,在工作面顺槽掘进期间可以大量排出,通过在掘进工作面揭露的较低标高的老空区巷道,布置专用排水设备,在工作面回采前可以基本处置完旧采残煤内的剩余积水。2)旧采残煤区揭露时,测得采空区的瓦斯浓度为0.8%~3.4%,采用全负压通风系统和局部压入新鲜风流的通风方式对残煤区内的瓦斯进行稀释,顺利处置了采空区内积聚的瓦斯,达到了正常生产要求。3)本工作面设计时,工作面与旧采的巷道式采空区均呈大于30°角度斜交,在回采过程中,发现极个别交角较小的局部巷式采空区。实时地在架前采空区加强支护,因此整个回采过程中,未出现大的架前顶板垮落事故。4)残煤回采过程中进行的液压支架工作阻力的观测得出,工作面液压支架工作阻力较实体煤层回采增大1.2~1.65倍,工作面各支架阻力严重不均匀,工作面前方为采空区的液压支架阻力较实体煤的液压支架阻力最高可达40%。按照本文的研究结论和揭示的规律,已进行了山西晋能集团西河煤矿旧采残煤综采复采的可行性研究报告与初步设计。
[Abstract]:The mining of high quality and deep deep coal resources in China and Shanxi has a long history, and the recovery rate of the old coal mining method in each historical period is less than 20%, forming a huge amount of residual coal resources. In this paper, the key scientific and technical problems of the residual coal resources and characteristics of the old coal mining method, the method of recovery, the law of mineral pressure and the key technical problems of the fully mechanized mining of the old residual coal resources are introduced in this paper. The old coal mining method refers to the tunnel mining, the simple housing pillar mining and the knife and column mining methods. This paper has carried out a large number of investigations, and the historical data of the actual investigation and collection of the old mining closed mines, and the detailed analysis of the coal mining in more than 100 mines in different historical periods and the old coal mining methods in Shanxi. The actual project plan of residual resources has obtained the situation and characteristics of coal resource recovery rate and residual coal resources in various historical periods. The following conclusions are drawn as follows: 1) the amount of residual coal resources in Shanxi province is 223.75 million tons, the amount of old residual coal resources in the country is 801 million tons, and 2) there are a certain amount of water accumulation and accumulation in the old coal mining area. The characteristics of water accumulation and accumulating gas are: the range of water accumulating area and the amount of water accumulated generally is not clear; the old coal residue coal has a long time, the coal residue in the residual coal is generally developed, the content of the gas in the residual coal is low, less than 5m3/t, and the gas pressure in the coal is generally lower than that of 0.5MPa.. The basic principles should be followed: 1) physical exploration in the residual coal area, the distribution of goaf and solid coal, and the distribution of accumulated water and gas in the goaf area.2), the whole mine is partitioned reasonably, and the areas are cut and closed with the grouting method, and then the water and gas accumulation in the goaf are divided. In this paper, the full mechanized mining equipment of the mining area and the normal layout of the large working face is adopted, and the heavy mechanized mining equipment is selected. The paper adopts the similar simulation experiment method, and carries out the large size three-dimensional similar simulation test for the 3 old coal mining face of the room column type, the room column type and the knife column type mixed 3 old coal mining face. A large number of three-dimensional numerical simulation studies are carried out. The two ones are compared and analyzed the tensile and plastic failure of the coal seam and roof, the vertical stress distribution and the displacement laws under the 0, 20, 40, 45, 60 and 90 degree oblique intersection of the working face and the goaf, and the vertical stress distribution and displacement law. When a large angle of angle is arranged in the goaf direction (the angle is usually 30 degrees), it can achieve the smooth and reliable recovery of the residual coal resources. When the angle of the oblique intersection is less than 30 degrees, the mining face will cause the subsidence of the front roof and the large area of the work due to the pressure of the mining face, which leads to the failure of the recovery work to proceed smoothly. During the mining process, the difference of the stress size between the edge and the middle of the residual coal pillar in front of the working face is quite different, and the maximum difference can reach 2~3 times of the original rock stress. In this paper, the author introduces the experience of passing through the working front roadway and the detailed observation during the recovery process of the 22102 working face of the West Qu mine, which is in charge of the author. Data, numerical simulation, similar simulation and engineering practice all confirm that the above conclusion is correct. The author is responsible for the new method of fully mechanized mining of old residual coal and its key technology. The main engineering research work and conclusion are 1) the accumulation of goaf in the residual coal area of the area of 102960m2 of the 18107 working face in the coal mine of the coal mine. Water and its disposal: there is a large amount of water in the old coal mining area, which can be discharged in a large amount during the heading of the working face, and the special drainage equipment is arranged by the low elevation laneway exposed in the heading face. The residual water in the old coal mining area can be basically disposed of.2 before the working face is recovered). The gas concentration in the empty area is 0.8%~3.4%. The gas in the residual coal area is diluted by the full negative pressure ventilation system and the local pressure into the fresh air flow. The gas accumulated in the goaf is successfully disposed of, and the normal production requirement is.3). The working face and the old mine goaf are more than 30 degrees angle when the working face is designed. In the process of mining, the local goaf with a very small angle is found. In real time, the support is strengthened in the goaf in front of the frame. Therefore, during the whole recovery process, the hydraulic support resistance of the hydraulic support in the working face is more solid than the hydraulic support in the process of the recovery process of the residual coal in the process of the failure of the large front roof collapse accident.4). The coal seam recovery increases 1.2~1.65 times, the resistance of each bracket in the working face is seriously uneven, the hydraulic support resistance of the face to the goaf is higher than the hydraulic support of the solid coal up to 40%.. According to the research conclusion and the law of this paper, the feasibility study on the comprehensive recovery recovery of the old coal mining residual coal in the Xihe coal mine of Shanxi Jinneng group has been carried out. Report and preliminary design.

【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TD821
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本文编号：1897432