王家岭煤矿首采工作面的矿压显现特征及关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 08:06

本文选题：大采高工作面 + 矿压显现　；参考：《中国矿业大学(北京)》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：目前,在国内以围岩力学性质测定为基础,矿压监测资料为辅助的采区巷道优化设计体系日益受到重视。采区矿压显现规律的观测不仅保证工作面安全生产,而且能够验证工作面支架选型,并优化上下顺槽的巷道支护技术。因此,开展大采高工作面煤炭安全高效开采关键技术的研究,以及矿井首采工作面的巷道围岩物理力学测试和采场巷道矿压监测工作,对于提高巷道支护设计的合理性,确保巷道安全,降低支护成本,实现高产高效具有重要意义。同时,对于保证我国煤炭工业的持续、安全发展,保障能源的安全供给具有重要工程指导价值。王家岭煤矿是山西煤炭运销集团有限公司新建项目,井田位于山西省保德县南部,处于河东煤田北部。王家岭煤矿属于保德王家岭循环经济工业园区的六大项目之一,是山西煤炭运销集团公司重点建设工程和转型发展的重要支撑项目。作为新建矿井,在设计、施工等多个方面存在经验不足:一方面是煤岩体性质的相关数据缺乏造成巷道围岩支护方案设计时缺少参数选取的依据;另一方面缺少矿山压力实测数据,使得工作面支架选型、巷道围岩支护方案设计时的荷载无法准确计算。在实际生产过程中顶板的运动及矿压显现规律和相应的控制技术等方面,必然会出现新的问题,所以必须针对具体条件进行具体研究。本文立足王家岭首采工作面开采面临的技术难题,提出首采工作面矿压监测和围岩控制技术研究,通过矿山压力监测数据的整理分析,对工作面采场矿压和巷道矿压显现规律进行系统研究;结合煤岩的物理力学参数和地质构造特征,得到采场围岩运动特征,构建矿压资料基础数据库,所得成果服务于巷道围岩控制参数设计和合理性验证;通过工作面矿压数据的分析,在把握顶板运动规律的基础上,以采场力学模型为基础,分析支架的合理性,提出支架选型的优化方案;从矿压角度分析现有开采条件下工作面长度的合理性;通过现场实测监测数据分析和反馈,结合工作面围岩变形规律以及采场矿压显现规律,得出巷道合理的支护形式与参数、煤柱的合理留设尺寸,为矿区持续、安全和高效的开采提供保证。本文主要获得以下五个方面成果:1.通过单轴、三轴和巴西劈裂实验测得王家岭煤岩弹性模量、泊松比、抗压强度、抗拉强度、粘聚力和摩擦角等物理力学参数,为巷道支护提供依据。同时,根据XRD实验和SEM实验可知,煤层中以石英为主要矿物质,其主要矿物成分为黏土矿物,反映了王家岭矿煤体有一定的强度,但膨胀性较大。顶板岩样石英高达39.5%,粘土矿物总量平均为54.2%,直接顶泥岩的结构较为松散,总体呈团块状,孔隙大,岩层不仅遇水易膨胀还容易垮落。因此,在巷道支护设计中必须考虑围岩的防水措施。2.从整个工作面阻力分析来压,具有中间略小、两端略高的特点,端头部位及相邻部位阻力波动较频繁,支架阻力应可以维持在40MPa左右;随着采高增加顶板运动更加充分,支架工作阻力分布更加均匀,随着采高增加,顶板来压步距减小,来压持续时间增加。覆岩层载荷随采高增加而增大,载荷分布规律为工作面中部大,两端小;上覆岩层的载荷随采高增加有增加的趋势。开采初期随着顶板垮落次数增加,工作面载荷呈指数规律增加,支架强度有增大趋势;工作面应力集中系数随采高增加而减小,随垮落次数增加而增加。大采高工作面长度越大,所需要的工作阻力越大。加快采面推进速度,采面压力有所减弱,周期来压步距增大,有利于采场顶板管理。3.采用钻孔窥视分别对胶带巷及大断面切眼的顶板和两帮进行巷道围岩破碎范围的地质勘探,在胶带巷内,最大松动范围出现在切眼与巷道交汇处附近,该位置表现出多层松动的现象。距离切眼越远,松动圈数有减小的趋势,松动范围亦表现出缩小的趋势。但靠近端头位置,受应力集中影响,靠近煤壁处裂隙较为发育,需要加强对两端头的支护。4.经理论计算和工程类比综合分析认为王家岭煤矿放顶煤支架合理的支护参数为:选择ZF16000/23/43D型放顶煤液压支架,设计初撑力12818 kN(P=31.5MPa),工作阻力16000k N(P=39.3MPa),支护强度1.5~1.55MPa,中心距1.75 m(宽度),宽度1.66~1.86 m;根据本工作面实测支架阻力及下一个工作面实际开采需要,确定虽然当前支架具有一定富余能力,对支架架型并不做减小优化。5.相似模拟和数值模拟结果显示,大采高工作面顶板垮落波及范围大,老顶岩块不易形成稳定的砌体梁结构。顶板有明显的板破断特征,采面位移载荷大、两端位移小。工作面长度影响的覆岩运动规律研究表明:当工作面长度不同时,无论工作面前后,监测点的位移值随着工作面宽度的增加而增大。工作面采高-覆岩运动规律研究表明:上覆岩层的运动显现出随采高增加线性增加。工作面推进速度-覆岩运动规律研究表明:随着推进速度增大,上覆岩层位移减小。6.依据理论分析以及数值模拟得出首采工作面留设20~25m煤柱较为合理。同时,在分析大采高工作面矿压显现规律的基础上,进行了工作面液压支架的合理选型,研究了基于工作面合理长度和综采设备选型配套的提高煤炭资源回收率关键技术研究,现场实施效果良好。
[Abstract]:At present, on the basis of the measurement of mechanical properties of surrounding rock in China, the optimization design system of mining roadway aided by monitoring data of mine pressure has been paid more and more attention. The observation of the law of mining pressure in the mining area not only ensures the safe production of the working face, but also verifies the type selection of the working face and the supporting technology of the roadway with the upper and lower groove. The research on the key technology of coal safety and high efficiency mining in the mining face, the physical and mechanical test of the surrounding rock of the roadway and the monitoring work of the mine pressure in the mining roadway are of great significance for improving the rationality of the roadway support design, ensuring the safety of the roadway, reducing the cost of the support and realizing the high production and high efficiency. The continuous, safe development of the coal industry and the safe supply of energy have important engineering guidance value. Wangjialing coal mine is a new project of Shanxi coal transportation and Marketing Group Co., Ltd., Ida is located in the south of Baode County of Shanxi Province, and in the north of Hedong coal field. Wangjialing coal mine is the six major project of the Wangjialing recycling economic Industrial Park of Baode. One of the important support projects of the key construction project and the transformation and development of Shanxi coal transportation and marketing group company. As a new mine, there are insufficient experience in many aspects, such as design and construction. On the one hand, the lack of relevant data on the nature of coal and rock is the basis for the lack of parameter selection for the timing of the roadway surrounding rock support scheme; on the other hand, it is short of the data. The measured data of mine pressure makes the type selection of the working face support, and the load of the roadway surrounding rock support can not be accurately calculated. In the actual production process, the roof movement, the law of the ore pressure appearance and the corresponding control technology will inevitably appear new problems, so it must be studied in specific conditions. This article is based on this paper. The technical problems faced by the first mining face mining in Wangjialing are discussed, and the ore pressure monitoring and surrounding rock control technology in the first mining face are put forward. Through the analysis of the mine pressure monitoring data, the mining pressure of the working face and the law of the roadway ore pressure are studied systematically, and the mining area is obtained by combining the physical and physical parameters and the geological structure characteristics of the coal and rock. The rock movement characteristics, the construction of the data base database of ore pressure, the results obtained service in the roadway surrounding rock control parameters design and rationality verification. Through the analysis of the rock pressure data of the working face, on the basis of grasping the roof movement law, based on the mechanic model of the stope, the reasonableness of the support is analyzed, and the optimization scheme of the support type selection is put forward; from the ore pressure angle. The rationality of the working face length under the existing mining conditions is analyzed. Through the field measured monitoring data analysis and feedback, combined with the deformation law of the surrounding rock and the law of the mining pressure in the stope, the reasonable support forms and parameters of the roadway are obtained and the reasonable size of the coal pillar is retained. This paper provides a guarantee for the continuous mining area, safe and efficient mining. The following five achievements are obtained: 1. through the single axis, three axis and Brazil splitting test, the elastic modulus of Wangjialing coal rock, the Poisson's ratio, the compressive strength, the tensile strength, the cohesive force and the friction angle are used to provide the basis for the roadway support. At the same time, the quartz is the main mineral in the coal seam according to the XRD test and the SEM experiment. The main mineral composition is clay mineral, which reflects that the coal body of Wangjialing mine has a certain strength, but its expansibility is large. The roof rock sample quartz is as high as 39.5%, the average of the clay mineral is 54.2%, the structure of the direct top mudstone is loose, the overall mass is lump, the pore is large, and the rock stratum is not only prone to water expansion and easy to collapse. Therefore, the rock stratum is supported and protected in the roadway. It is necessary to consider the waterproof measure of the surrounding rock,.2., from the whole surface resistance analysis, with the characteristics of slightly small in the middle and slightly higher at both ends. The resistance fluctuation of the end and adjacent parts is more frequent, and the resistance of the support should be maintained at about 40MPa. With the increase of the roof movement more fully, the distribution of the support resistance is more uniform with the height of the mining. With the increase of mining height, the pressure step of the roof decreases and the pressure duration increases. The load of overburden increases with the increase of the mining height. The load distribution is large in the middle of the working face and the two ends are small. The load of the overlying strata increases with the increase of the mining height. The stress concentration coefficient of the working face decreases with the increase of the mining height and increases with the increase of the number of caving. The greater the length of the working face is, the greater the working resistance is, the quicker the working resistance of the mining face, the acceleration of the mining face, the weakening of the mining face pressure, the increase of the period pressure step distance, which is beneficial to the.3. of the stope roof management by drilling holes to peep the glue respectively. In the belt roadway, the maximum loosening range appears in the vicinity of the intersection of the cutting eyes and the roadway, which shows the phenomenon of multi layer loosening in the belt roadway. The loosening ring number has a decreasing trend and the loosening range shows a shrinking trend, but the loosening range also shows a shrinking trend. The near end position is affected by the stress concentration, the fissure near the coal wall is more developed. It is necessary to strengthen the theoretical calculation and the engineering analogy of the support.4. at both ends. It is considered that the reasonable support parameters of the top coal caving support in Wangjialing coal mine are as follows: choosing the ZF16000/23/43D type caving coal pressure support and designing the initial brace force of 12818 kN (P=31.5MPa). Resistance 16000k N (P=39.3MPa), support strength 1.5~1.55MPa, center distance of 1.75 m (width), width 1.66~1.86 m. According to the measured support resistance of the working face and the actual mining needs of the next working face, it is determined that although the current support has a certain surplus capacity, the support frame type is not reduced to reduce the optimization of.5. similar simulation and numerical simulation results. The roof collapse wave in the mining face is large, and the old roof rock block is not easy to form a stable masonry beam structure. The roof has obvious plate breaking characteristics, the displacement load of the face is large and the displacement of the two ends is small. The study of the overburden movement law influenced by the length of working face shows that when the length of working face is not at the same time, the displacement value of the monitoring point is along with the work. The study of the movement of overlying rock shows that the overlying rock movement shows a linear increase with the increase of the mining height. The study of the moving speed of the overlying strata and the law of overlying rock movement shows that the reduction of the overlying strata displacement by.6. is based on the theoretical analysis and the numerical simulation to get the first face. It is more reasonable to leave the 20~25m coal pillar. At the same time, on the basis of the analysis of the regularity of the ore pressure in the large mining face, the reasonable selection of the hydraulic support is carried out. The key technology of improving the recovery rate of coal resources based on the reasonable length of the working face and the selection of fully mechanized mining equipment is studied, and the effect is good in the field.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学(北京)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TD355

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