煤矿开采地表沉陷预计与生态恢复

发布时间：2018-05-23 15:49

本文选题：采煤沉陷 + 沉陷预计　；参考：《山西大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：煤炭资源作为人们生产和生活必要的物质条件,是社会进步和发展的重要动力。伴随着我国煤矿业的发展,煤矿开采导致了一系列环境问题。特别是山西省作为全国主要的煤炭产地,中小煤矿的不合理开采带来的环境问题尤为严重,生态环境遭到破坏,制约着矿区经济的可持续发展,严重影响人们的生产、生活。在加快煤矿兼并重组,淘汰落后产能,促进煤矿企业转型发展的过程中,矿区的生态恢复工作势在必行。地表塌陷作为煤矿开采最主要的环境问题,对塌陷区的治理也是矿区生态恢复工作的重点。本文深入分析了采煤沉陷的概念、沉陷机理、沉陷的影响因素以及沉陷对生态环境的破坏,提出了地表沉陷预计的原理和模型,总结了比较成熟并广泛使用的沉陷预计方法。以生态学原理为基础,结合煤矿区生态恢复的原则,并借鉴国内外的实践经验,得出了煤矿区生态恢复的基本措施,以期为山西煤矿沉陷区的整治提供依据,减少并遏制煤矿采掘带来的环境问题。本文以山西寿阳潞阳昌泰煤矿为研究案例,结合上诉理论和方法,在对该矿区自然、社会环境以及矿井开采方式和技术条件充分认识的基础上,使用概率积分法对地表沉陷进行预计,同时结合遥感影像对其带来的生态环境影响作了预测,在此基础上制定了不同土地类型生态恢复的方案,进行了效益分析。
[Abstract]:As the necessary material conditions for people's production and life, coal resources are the important motive force of social progress and development. Along with the development of coal mining industry in China, coal mining has caused a series of environmental problems. Especially, Shanxi province is the main coal producing area in the country, and the environmental problems brought by the unreasonable mining of small and medium coal mines are particularly serious. The state environment is destroyed, which restricts the sustainable development of the mining area economy and seriously affects people's production and life. In the process of speeding up the merger and reorganization of coal mines, eliminating backward productivity and promoting the transformation and development of coal mining enterprises, the ecological restoration work of the mining area is imperative. Surface subsidence is the most important environmental problem for coal mining and the subsidence area In this paper, the concept of coal mining subsidence, the mechanism of subsidence, the factors affecting the subsidence and the destruction of the subsidence to the ecological environment are analyzed in this paper. The principle and model of the prediction of the surface subsidence are put forward, and the method of subsidence prediction which is more mature and widely used is summed up based on the ecological principle. The principle of ecological restoration in the coal mine area, and drawing on the practical experience at home and abroad, has obtained the basic measures for the ecological restoration of the coal mine area, in order to provide the basis for the renovation of the subsidence area in Shanxi coal mine, reduce and contain the environmental problems brought by the mining of the coal mine. This paper takes the Luyang Changtai coal mine in Shouyang, Shanxi as the research case, and combines the theory and method of appeal, and On the basis of fully understanding the natural, social environment and mining methods and technical conditions of the mine, the probability integral method is used to predict the surface subsidence, and the ecological environment influence of the remote sensing image is predicted. On this basis, the ecological restoration scheme of different soil types is formulated, and the benefit analysis is carried out.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD327;TD88

【参考文献】