基于微震监测的某矿地压活动规律与岩爆预警模式研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 13:10

本文选题：地压活动 + 岩爆倾向　；参考：《江西理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文对某深井矿山深部矿岩进行了岩爆临界深度判据计算以及岩石三轴应力应变试验,获得相关岩性物理力学参数后,运用常规的岩爆倾向判别方法对该矿深部的矿石和围岩进行了综合评价,结果显示该矿深部矿岩均不同程度有岩爆发生倾向;在此基础上,构建了多通道IMS微震监测平台,对矿区的地压活动规律进行了分析研究,并采用地震学、统计学等理论对微震监测数据进行分析,提出了适合该矿山的岩爆灾害预警模式,并将预警结果与矿山现场进行对比佐证。主要研究内容如下:1、岩爆深度判据及倾向性评价分析阐述了岩爆理论基础,分析了深井岩爆诱发因素,并对岩爆等级划分进行了分析和介绍。着重讲述岩爆渐进破坏过程,并对某矿深部矿岩进行岩爆深度判据分析,将岩芯在实验室进行三轴应力应变试验,对深部矿岩通过弹性应变发、强度脆性系数法、变形脆性系数法进行了岩爆倾向性评价。2、IMS微震监测系统的构建从软硬件架构、信号采集、定位算法、获取波速、精度分析和信号识别等方面介绍了该矿多通道高精度微震监测系统,通过数值模拟计算和人工定点试爆的技术手段对该系统定位效果和灵敏度进行了分析和计算,着重研究了如何对微震信号和干扰信号进行识别和排除的几种方法。3、采矿活动引起的地压活动规律研究通过近半年的微震监测数据结合实际开采活动对该矿浅部低强度的残矿回收、中深部-550m的正常开采活动、深部开拓工程等引起的地压活动规律分别进行了分析。4、岩爆预警机制研究基于微震监测数据分析研究了岩爆前兆性微震信息特征指标,并提出了岩爆三级预警模式。将事件数密度作为岩爆灾害的初始触发条件,即如果矿山某区域密度达到临界点,给矿山做出安全排查指示,该区域存在岩爆的概率;将频度b值或Df的突然下降特征作为第二预警条件,达到该条件时,矿山需做好相应的安全预防措施;将累积视体积与能量指数的变化特征作为岩爆灾害第三预警条件,如果该条件出现,矿山需做好人员和设备的撤离工作,基于微震信息的三级预警模式在该矿山取得较好的应用效果。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the rock burst critical depth criterion and triaxial stress-strain test are carried out on the deep ore rock of a deep mine, and the relevant lithologic, physical and mechanical parameters are obtained. A comprehensive evaluation of the ore and surrounding rock in the deep part of the mine is carried out by using the conventional method of discriminating rock burst tendency. The results show that there is a tendency to rock burst in the deep rock of the mine to varying degrees, and on this basis, a multi-channel IMS microseismic monitoring platform is constructed. In this paper, the law of ground pressure activity in mining area is analyzed, and the monitoring data of micro-earthquake are analyzed by using seismology and statistics theory, and the early warning mode of rock burst disaster suitable for the mine is put forward. The results of early warning are compared with mine site. The main research contents are as follows: 1. The rock burst depth criterion and tendency evaluation are analyzed, the theoretical basis of rock burst is expounded, the inducing factors of rock burst in deep well are analyzed, and the classification of rock burst grade is analyzed and introduced. The progressive failure process of rock burst is described emphatically, and the rock burst depth criterion is analyzed. The core is tested by triaxial stress and strain in laboratory, and the strength brittleness coefficient method is used to produce the deep ore rock through elastic strain. The deformation brittleness coefficient method is used to evaluate the tendency of rock burst. In this paper, the multi-channel high-precision microseismic monitoring system is introduced in terms of precision analysis and signal recognition. The positioning effect and sensitivity of the system are analyzed and calculated by numerical simulation calculation and artificial fixed point blasting test. In this paper, several methods to identify and eliminate microseismic and interference signals are studied emphatically. The ground pressure activity law caused by mining activities is studied. The shallow part of the mine is studied by combining the monitoring data of microseismic and actual mining activities in the past half a year. Low strength residual ore recovery, In this paper, the regularity of ground pressure activity caused by normal mining activity and deep development engineering in the middle depth of -550 m is analyzed respectively. The study on the early warning mechanism of rock burst is based on the microseismic monitoring data, and the characteristic indexes of the information of the precursor microearthquake are studied. A three-level early warning model of rock burst is proposed. The event number density is regarded as the initial trigger condition of rock burst disaster, that is, if the density of a certain area reaches the critical point, the probability of rockburst exists in the area if the safety check indication is given to the mine. When the frequency b value or the sudden drop of DF is taken as the second early warning condition, the corresponding safety precautions should be made in the mine, and the change of cumulative apparent volume and energy index is regarded as the third early warning condition of rock burst disaster. If this condition occurs, the evacuation of personnel and equipment should be done well, and the three-level early warning model based on microseismic information can be applied in the mine.
【学位授予单位】：江西理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD326

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