非刚性匹配技术在地震资料一致性处理中的应用

发布时间：2018-05-25 06:19

本文选题：非刚性 + 匹配　；参考：《地球物理学进展》2017年01期

【摘要】：受地震勘探资料的采集施工方法、地表激发接收条件、复杂的地下传播介质等因素的影响会导致同一区块同一地层反射波组的频率、波形不同,静校正不彻底、速度不准会导致剩余时差,动校正拉伸会导致波形畸变,通常在常规一致性处理后的CMP/CRP道集数据仍然存在一些不一致性问题,会影响资料潜力的发挥,资料的一致性处理对处理成果品质的提高起到至关重要的作用,尤其是在多块三维连片处理、时延地震处理、过渡带探区资料处理、叠前反演处理、高分辨率处理、高精度成像处理等方面均对资料的一致性提出了更高的要求.针对该现实问题,介绍了依赖于图像的相似和有局部光滑变形(或位移)场的非刚性匹配处理技术.该技术在常规一致性处理的基础上,首先将叠前数据分选成炮检距数据,优选部分炮检距数据形成模型,然后对每一炮检距数据逐一与模型进行非刚性匹配,实现数据的一致性处理.给出了实际资料非刚性匹配一致性处理的效果,证实了该技术在提高数据的一致性、改善数据处理成果品质、保持分辨率不降低和振幅保真方面具有一定的优势.因此,该技术可适用于时延地震匹配处理、叠前角道集拉平、叠前CMP/CRP道集拉平、振幅随角度变化(AVA)处理、PS波与PP波同相轴匹配处理等.
[Abstract]:Influenced by the acquisition and construction method of seismic exploration data, the condition of ground excitation and reception, the complicated underground propagation medium and other factors, the frequency and waveform of the reflection wave group in the same formation in the same block will be different, and the static correction will not be complete. Velocity inaccuracy will lead to residual time difference and NMO stretching will lead to waveform distortion. Usually, there are still some inconsistency problems in CMP/CRP gather data after conventional consistency processing, which will affect the development of data potential. Data consistency processing plays an important role in improving the quality of processing results, especially in multi-block 3D processing, time-delay seismic processing, transitional zone exploration data processing, prestack inversion processing, high-resolution processing. High-precision imaging processing and other aspects of the data consistency put forward higher requirements. In order to solve this problem, a non-rigid matching technique based on image similarity and local smooth deformation (or displacement) field is introduced. On the basis of conventional consistency processing, prestack data are sorted into offset data, part of offset data is selected to form a model, and each offset data is matched with the model one by one. The consistency of data processing is realized. The effect of non-rigid matching consistency processing of actual data is given. It is proved that this technique has some advantages in improving the consistency of data, improving the quality of data processing results, keeping the resolution undiminished and amplitude fidelity. Therefore, this technique can be applied to time-delay seismic matching processing, prestack angle gather leveling, prestack CMP/CRP trace leveling, amplitude changing with angle variation) processing of PS wave and PP wave coaxial matching processing.
【作者单位】：中国石油化工股份有限公司石油物探技术研究院;
【基金】：国家重大专项(2011ZX05045-002-003)资助
【分类号】：P631.44

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