深部岩体冲击地压预警及其防控技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 07:53

本文选题：冲击地压 + 预测预警　；参考：《北方工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着矿山地下开采的延续,开采深度不断增加,导致地下采区地质环境及开采条件变得日益复杂,从而导致地压增大并有可能诱发冲击地压灾害。冲击地压灾害不仅会带来严重的破坏后果,而且会造成大量的人员伤亡和财产损失,已经成为矿山最主要的灾害问题之一。本论文以首钢公司杏山铁矿地下开采为工程实例,以理论分析为基础,现场监测为手段,对深部开采诱发围岩变形与破坏特点、冲击地压预测预警技术及防控措施等问题进行了深入研究,对深部开采具有指导意义。主要研究内容如下:(1)通过对国内外研究现状的分析,总结了冲击地压的发生机理、预测预警方法和针对冲击地压的防治措施,以及冲击地压未来的研究方向;根据现场采集到的首钢杏山铁矿地质资料和开采设计文件,从矿区地质构造、矿体及岩组特征以及岩石质量分级等方面对杏山铁矿的地质构造特征进行了分析和评价。(2)结合杏山铁矿现场的开采方式和开采现状,选取B11勘探线剖面图作为研究对象建立三维模型,对初始应力场和-199m水平、-215m水平等十个相邻水平进路的分步开挖过程进行了数值模拟计算,通过分析进路开挖过程中应力和位移的演化特征,揭示了围岩应力场和位移场的分布和演化规律。(3)结合杏山铁矿各水平面水平开采平面图和各勘探线剖面图,利用模拟软件建立杏山铁矿的三维模型,并选取-199m水平面作为研究对象,适当简化并建立了该平面的水平开采平面三维模型,通过模拟计算-199m水平的回采过程,揭示了矿体回采过程中围岩应力和位移的分布特点,得出了应力集中和位移变化较大的危险区域,并针对危险区域的分布特点调整了回采工序,优化了开采方案,有效降低了围岩应力集中和位移变化程度,从而减小了冲击地压发生的可能性。(4)总结了预测预警原理,确定了适合杏山铁矿的预测预警方法,基于三维数值模拟结果和现场工况,对-180m水平进行监测点布置,提出了矿山应力和位移双监测的方案,设置了应力和位移的三级预警,对现场安全生产有着重要的意义。(5)现场采集杏山铁矿应力监测数据,基于灰色理论建立了灰色系统预测的GM(2,1)模型,并依据最小二乘法对其进行了改进,经监测数据验证改进后的模型预测结果更为理想;利用改进的GM(2,1)模型对联络巷围岩应力的变化趋势进行预测,指导安全回采。
[Abstract]:With the continuation of underground mining, the mining depth is increasing, which leads to the increasing complexity of geological environment and mining conditions in underground mining areas, which leads to the increase of ground pressure and the possibility of inducing rock burst disasters. The shock ground pressure disaster will not only bring serious damage consequences, but also cause a large number of casualties and property losses, which has become one of the most important disaster problems in mines. In this paper, the underground mining of Xingshan Iron Mine in Shougang Iron and Steel Company is taken as an engineering example, based on theoretical analysis and field monitoring, the deformation and failure characteristics of surrounding rock induced by deep mining are studied. The prediction and early warning technology and prevention and control measures of rock burst are studied in depth, which is of guiding significance for deep mining. The main research contents are as follows: (1) based on the analysis of the current research situation at home and abroad, the occurrence mechanism, prediction and early warning methods, prevention and control measures of impact ground pressure, and the future research direction of impact ground pressure are summarized. According to the geological data and mining design documents collected from Shougang Xingshan Iron Mine on the spot, from the geological structure of the mining area, The geological and structural characteristics of Xingshan Iron Mine are analyzed and evaluated in the aspects of orebody and rock formation characteristics and rock quality classification, etc.) combined with the mining mode and present situation of Xinshan Iron Mine, the geological structure of Xingshan Iron Mine is analyzed and evaluated. Taking the B11 Prospecting Line profile as the object of study, the three-dimensional model is established, and the numerical simulation of the initial stress field and the excavation process of ten adjacent horizontal paths, such as -199m horizontal and -215m level, is carried out. By analyzing the evolution characteristics of stress and displacement during excavation, the distribution and evolution law of surrounding rock stress and displacement field are revealed. The 3D model of Xingshan Iron Mine is established by using simulation software, and the horizontal plane of -199m is chosen as the research object. The 3D model of horizontal mining plane of this plane is suitably simplified and established. The process of mining at the level of -199m is simulated and calculated. The distribution characteristics of surrounding rock stress and displacement in the mining process of orebody are revealed, and the dangerous areas where the stress concentration and displacement change greatly are obtained. According to the distribution characteristics of the dangerous areas, the mining procedure is adjusted and the mining scheme is optimized. The stress concentration and displacement change of surrounding rock are reduced effectively, and the possibility of rock burst occurrence is reduced.) the principle of prediction and early warning is summarized, and the forecasting and warning method suitable for Xingshan Iron Mine is determined. Based on the results of 3D numerical simulation and field working conditions, the monitoring points of -180m level are arranged, and the scheme of double monitoring of mine stress and displacement is put forward, and the three-level early warning of stress and displacement is set up. The stress monitoring data of Xingshan Iron Mine are collected on the spot. Based on the grey theory, the GM2C-1) model of grey system prediction is established and improved according to the least square method. The improved model is proved to be more ideal by monitoring data, and the modified GMGM2Q1) model is used to predict the change trend of surrounding rock stress in the connecting roadway to guide the safe mining.
【学位授予单位】：北方工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD324

【参考文献】