煤矸石资源化利用过程中微量元素的环境地球化学研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 01:19

本文选题：煤矸石 + 理化性质　；参考：《中国科学技术大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：煤矸石是煤炭开采过程中的伴生矿物,是煤矿活动的主要固体废物,也是我国主要的工业固体废物。由于具有低热值和高粘土等属性,煤矸石被广泛用于发电、复垦、建筑材料生产等。在煤矸石各种资源化利用过程中,煤矸石中的有害物质会向周边环境释放,对周边土壤、水体、动植物和人类造成潜在影响。因此,研究煤矸石利用过程中微量元素的环境地球化学特征具有必要性和迫切性。本次研究以淮南矿区煤矸石为研究对象,通过室内模拟和现场样品采集相结合的方法,利用X射线荧光光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜能谱、光学显微镜、热重分析、傅里叶红外光谱、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱和质谱等技术手段分析和测定样品的化学组成、矿物组成、微观形貌、精细结构和元素含量,结合煤化学、矿物学、元素地球化学和环境化学等交叉学科理论,对煤矸石资源化利用过程中微量元素的迁移行为、分布模式和环境效应等科学问题进行了研究。通过研究,主要得出：分析了淮南矿区煤矸石的化学组成、矿物组成和微量元素特征,揭示了淮南矿物微量元素的分布规律和赋存形态；利用室内层温燃烧试验,探讨了煤矸石矿物结构、微观形貌、晶相结构和微量元素与燃烧温度的关系,解析了微量元素在煤矸石燃烧过程中的迁移行为；建立了煤矸石利用过程中微量元素的分配模式,结合质量守恒原理和元素的挥发特性,将淮南煤矸石微量元素分为易挥发性元素(As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Se和Sn)、挥发性元素(Bi、Ni和Zn)和难挥发性元素(Cr、Co、Mn和V)；基于相关性分析和化学逐级提取实验,揭示了微量元素赋存形态在煤矸石燃烧过程中的转化规律；讨论了煤矸石与生物质燃烧过程中的共燃特性、动力学特征和微量元素行为,确定了煤矸石与生物质共燃的最优配比；评价了煤矸石燃烧对周边环境的影响,计算了中国制砖过程中微量元素的排放清单；丰富了煤矸石资源化利用过程中微量元素的环境地球化学理论体系,为煤矸石的深度利用和环境保护提供了理论参考和技术支持。
[Abstract]:Coal gangue is associated mineral in coal mining , it is the main solid waste of coal mine activity , it is the main industrial solid waste in our country . Because of its low calorific value and high clay property , coal gangue is widely used in power generation , reclamation , building material production , etc . In the process of resource utilization of coal gangue , the harmful substances in coal gangue can be released to the surrounding environment . Therefore , it is necessary and urgent to study the environmental geochemical characteristics of trace elements in coal gangue utilization .

The chemical composition , mineral composition , microstructure , fine structure and element content of samples were analyzed and measured by means of X - ray fluorescence spectrometry , X - ray diffraction , scanning electron microscope , optical microscope , thermal gravimetric analysis , Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and mass spectrometry .

The chemical composition , mineral composition and trace element characteristics of coal gangue in Huaian area are analyzed , and the distribution law and the occurrence form of trace elements in Huaian area are revealed .
In this paper , the relationship between mineral structure , microstructure , crystal structure and trace elements and combustion temperature of coal gangue is studied by means of indoor layer temperature combustion test , and the migration behavior of trace elements in the combustion process of coal gangue is analyzed .
Based on the principle of mass conservation and the volatilization characteristics of elements , the trace elements of coal gangue are divided into volatile elements ( As , Cd , Cu , Pb , Se and Sn ) , volatile elements ( Bi , Ni and Zn ) and non - volatile elements ( Cr , Co , Mn and V ) .
Based on the correlation analysis and the chemical step - by - step extraction experiment , the transformation law of trace element occurrence in the combustion process of coal gangue is revealed .
The co - combustion characteristics , kinetic characteristics and trace elements behavior of coal gangue and biomass are discussed , and the optimal proportion of coal gangue and biomass co - combustion is determined .
The influence of coal gangue combustion on the surrounding environment is evaluated , and the emission list of trace elements in Chinese brick making process is calculated .
enriches the environmental geochemical theory system of trace elements in the resource utilization process of the coal gangue , and provides theoretical reference and technical support for the deep utilization and environmental protection of the coal gangue .
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X752;X142

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