废弃稀土矿场土壤植物修复的盆栽试验研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 18:24

本文选题：稀土矿区 + 土壤改良　；参考：《仲恺农业工程学院》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：广东省东北部山区稀土资源丰富,是风化壳离子型稀土矿的主要分布区和主产区之一。稀土资源的开发利用促进了当地经济的发展,但同时也引发了环境问题和生态问题。本研究以小区模拟实验为主,通过比较不同植物在稀土矿废弃区土壤和菜园土上的成活率,对植物进行筛选并测量其生长势,然后比较筛选出的植物在稀土矿废弃区土壤和菜园土上的可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸、叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质、POD、SOD、CAT。测定了浇水、营养元素添加、有机质填埋和施用有机肥等处理对改良土壤的作用,分析了以上五种不同处理与对照土壤细菌16s r DNA和细菌SRAP多样性的差异,并进行系统评价。研究结果如下:1.本研究通过小区模拟实验,对不同植物的成活率进行比较并测量其生长势。结果表明,山毛豆、牛筋草、两耳草、马唐草的成活率和生长状况都较好。并且两耳草、牛筋草和马唐草这三种植物的生长势以及鲜干重都具有优势。但是在稀土上生长的山毛豆叶片比菜园土上的要绿。因此,选取两耳草、山毛豆和马唐草进行生理指标的测定。2.通过比较发现,稀土矿废弃区土壤生长的山毛豆、两耳草和马唐草的可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质以及POD、SOD、CAT均大于菜园土生长者,表现出明显的抗逆性,其中两耳草的抗逆性最明显;在稀土矿废弃区土壤上生长的两耳草和马唐草的叶绿素含量都要低于菜园土生长者,但山毛豆的表现正好相反。3.经过不同处理的稀土矿废弃区土壤细菌含量差异极大,对照、浇水、添加MS、混合干草粉、混合菜园土和添加鸡粪的土壤含菌量分别为2.45×104 cfu/g,1.78×104 cfu/g,1.90×105 cfu/g,2.49×106 cfu/g,2.00×106 cfu/g,9.96×107 cfu/g,表明有机质的添加在提高微生物数量的效果上要远高于无机元素的添加,鸡粪的效果最好。用SRAP分子标记分析土壤微生物多态性,以鸡粪组的多态性信息含量(PIC)最高,达到0.903,表明鸡粪组的细菌多样性最丰富。4.通过对细菌16s r DNA测序分析,并在NCBI Gene Bank收录的同源序列进行Blast比对。发现所测样品中未经过处理的稀土土壤含有4个属的细菌,浇水组有3个属的细菌,MS添加组有7个属的细菌,干草粉添加组有5个属的细菌,菜园土添加组有7个属的细菌,鸡粪添加组有7个属的细菌。说明经过不同处理的稀土矿废弃区土壤的细菌的种类及比例发生了演替,有机质的添加对于提高细菌的种类上有较好的效果,与SRAP多态性分析结果一致。5.在不同处理的土壤上生长的两耳草的生长状况有较大的差别,通过比较其两耳草叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合作用和胞间CO2浓度,发现干草组、菜园土组和鸡粪组上生长的两耳草的叶片正常,叶绿素含量最高,净光合作用速率也最高;对照组和浇水组的两耳草表现出一定的缺素症状且叶绿素含量和净光合作用速率最低,MS组的介于两个之间。
[Abstract]:The mountain area of northeast Guangdong Province is rich in rare earth resources and is one of the main distribution and production areas of weathered crust ion rare earth ore. The development and utilization of rare earth resources promote the development of local economy, but also lead to environmental and ecological problems. In this study, we compared the survival rate of different plants in the soil and vegetable garden soil of rare earth mine waste area, screened the plants and measured their growth potential. Then, the soluble sugar, free proline, chlorophyll, soluble protein POD, SOD, CAT in the soil and vegetable garden soil of rare earth mineral waste area were compared. The effects of irrigation, nutrient addition, organic matter landfill and organic fertilizer application on soil improvement were determined. The diversity of bacteria 16s r DNA and bacterial SRAP in the five treatments were analyzed and evaluated systematically. The results are as follows: 1. In this study, the survival rate of different plants was compared and their growth potential was measured by plot simulation experiment. The results showed that the survival rate and growth status of the three species were better. And the growth potential and fresh dry weight of the three plants were superior. But leaves grown on rare earths are greener than those on garden soil. Therefore, the physiological indexes of Auricularia chinensis, Sargassum mongolicum and Corydophyllum chinensis were determined. 2. 2. It was found by comparison that the soluble sugar, free proline, soluble protein and POD SOD cat of the soil grown in the waste area of rare earth mine were all higher than those of the native elders of vegetable garden, and showed obvious resistance to stress, and the content of soluble sugar, free proline, soluble protein and PODX SOD cat in the soil of the waste area of rare earth mine were higher than those of the native ones. The chlorophyll content of two ear grass growing in the soil of rare earth ore wasteland was lower than that of the native elders of vegetable garden, but the content of Chlorophyll was opposite. 3. The bacterial content of soil in the waste area of rare earth ore treated with different treatments is very different. Control, watering, adding MS, mixing hay powder, The microbial contents of mixed vegetable garden soil and chicken manure were 2.45 脳 10 ~ 4 cfur / g 1.78 脳 10 ~ 4 cfur 路g ~ (-1) 1.90 脳 10 ~ 5 cfug / g ~ (2.49 脳 10 ~ (6) cfug ~ (-1) 2.00 脳 10 ~ (6) ~ (6) cfug / g ~ (9.96) 脳 10 ~ (7) ~ (7) cfug / g respectively, which indicated that the effect of adding organic matter to increase microbial quantity was much higher than that of inorganic element addition, and chicken manure had the best effect. The polymorphism of soil microorganism was analyzed by SRAP molecular marker. The polymorphic information content of chicken manure group was the highest (0.903), which indicated that the diversity of bacteria in chicken manure group was the most abundant. 4. The 16s r DNA sequence of bacteria was sequenced, and the homologous sequences included in NCBI Gene Bank were compared with Blast. It was found that there were 4 genera of bacteria in the untreated rare earth soil, 3 genera of bacteria in watering group, 7 genera of bacteria in MS addition group, 5 genera in hay powder group, 7 genera in vegetable soil addition group. There were 7 genera of bacteria in chicken manure addition group. The results showed that the species and proportion of bacteria in the soil of the waste area of rare earth ore treated with different treatments had a succession, and the addition of organic matter had a better effect on improving the species of bacteria, which was consistent with the result of SRAP polymorphism analysis. The growth status of two ear grasses growing on different treatments was different. By comparing the chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis and intercellular CO2 concentration in leaves of two ear grasses, it was found that the hay group. The leaves were normal, chlorophyll content was the highest, and the net photosynthesis rate was the highest in the vegetable garden soil group and chicken manure group. The control group and watering group showed certain vegetative deficiency and the lowest chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis rate were between the two groups.
【学位授予单位】：仲恺农业工程学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD88;S156

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