三维地震勘探观测系统的设计与应用研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 03:17

本文选题：观测系统 + 分辨率　；参考：《长安大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,三维地震勘探已经作为主要工具在油气勘探开发中应用。虽然三维地震勘探的成本高,但它的价值越加的被认识到,使其成为地球物理界发展最快的领域之一。三维地震勘探正处于一个进退两难的境地,既要求尽量高的地震采集的精度,又要求尽量低的采集成本。为此,在地震勘探观测系统设计方面,就要根据地质目标的要求,通过优化的观测系统设计,兼顾技术设计和经济成本。本论文的研究内容主要包括为三个部分:首先,三维观测系统设计的概述部分。主要对目前三维地震采集观测系统的类型以及各种类型的优缺点进行了讲述。通过对地质任务、地球物理条件、处理软件与方法及采集成本等方面对观测系统的要求进行了分析,对三维观测系统设计的设计原则与流程进行了系统的总结,详细的描述了三维观测系统参数的论证方法。其次,根据实际地震资料的观测系统设计,对分辨率、面元大小、炮检距、偏移孔径、非纵距、覆盖次数等观测系统参数进行优化设计。第三,通过对实际得到的地震资料进行分析和对比,研究观测系统参数对后续处理解释环节的影响,从而指导优化观测系统的设计,提高资料品质。
[Abstract]:In recent years, 3D seismic exploration has been used as a main tool in oil and gas exploration and development. Although the cost of 3D seismic exploration is high, its value is recognized more and more, making it one of the fastest-growing fields in geophysics. 3D seismic exploration is in a dilemma, which requires the highest accuracy of seismic acquisition and the lowest acquisition cost. Therefore, in the design of seismic exploration observation system, according to the requirements of geological target, through the optimized design of observation system, both technical design and economic cost should be taken into account. The research content of this thesis mainly includes three parts: first, the design of three-dimensional observation system is summarized. The types of three-dimensional seismic acquisition and observation system and the advantages and disadvantages of various types are described in this paper. The requirements of the observation system are analyzed from the aspects of geological mission, geophysical conditions, processing software and methods, and acquisition cost, and the design principles and flow chart of the 3D observation system are summarized systematically. The demonstration method of three-dimensional observation system parameters is described in detail. Secondly, according to the design of the observation system of the actual seismic data, the parameters of the observation system such as resolution, panel size, offset distance, offset aperture, non-longitudinal distance, coverage number and so on are optimized. Thirdly, through the analysis and comparison of the actual seismic data, the influence of the parameters of the observation system on the subsequent processing and interpretation is studied, so as to guide the optimization of the design of the observation system and improve the quality of the data.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P631.4

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