基于耗散结构理论的矿区生态安全评价研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 23:50

本文选题：煤矿采空区 + 国土生态安全　；参考：《湖南科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：煤炭资源开发所引起的矿区国土生态安全问题已引起社会各界的普遍关注。因此,对煤矿采区国土生态安全进行准确、科学的评价,以便优化土地利用方案,建立国土生态安全格局,对于合理、持续、高效利用有限的国土生态资源具有重要的理论价值与现实意义。以煤矿开采这一人类行为活动而导致的煤矿采空区生态安全问题为研究目标,以谭家山矿区生态安全现状为研究蓝本,借助USCEQ提出的累积效应理论,分析了谭家山矿区地质灾害、生态环境、人居环境的时空累积演变规律与特征;研究了矿区生态安全的内涵及本质特征,阐明了熵与信息熵的概念及生态安全系统熵增的本质内涵;基于耗散结构理论与“压力—状态—响应”的PSR概念,建立煤矿采空区国土生态安全耗散结构模型。从人类行为、自然环境、政策调控三方面建立评价指标体系,采用直线型阈值法处理原始数据,计算各指标要素的灰色关联度与灰色信息熵权,最后得出系统总的熵变。以谭家山煤矿采空区为研究实例,利用耗散结构信息熵理论分析其2005-2012年国土生态安全状态过程,结果表明虽然系统年份信息熵值自2010年起开始由正到负,但其累计信息熵值为正,说明谭家山煤矿采空区的国土生态环境并未达到安全水平,还需要在已有的基础上持续维持或进一步改进一段较长时间。研究的成果主要有以下几点:1)矿区生态安全系统是一个典型的耗散结构系统。人的行为活动(在此特指煤炭开采)就国土生态安全状况而言,永远是无序的,在此表现为熵产。因此,必须积极有效地引入负熵流,如改善采掘工艺、控制“三废”排放、加大环保投资、加强信息监测等,以此促进生态安全耗散系统保持有序结构。2)直线型阈值法对原始数据进行无量化处理,计算信息熵权,并将其引用到灰色关联度的计算中,得出灰色信息熵。这一评价分析工具相对于原有的模糊数学法、层次分析法而言,降低了对定量指标数据定性化的要求,比较客观地反映了矿区生态安全系统三个维度之间的关系及重要程度,使分析评价更具客观性与可操作性。3)显然,煤矿区国土生态安全系统是一个动态的始终处于非平衡状态的可变系统。年份信息熵的计算结果仅能反映出在这一指定时期所处的状态,但这并不代表其已达到某种水平。以耗散结构理论为指导,煤矿区国土生态安全系统只有不断地改进,持续增加负熵流,才能使其熵变最终达到并保持在负的有序状态,以此实现煤矿区国土生态安全的真正目标。4)提出基于PDCA的矿区生态安全管理模式的应然性实施反馈流程,该流程包括前馈控制、同期控制、反馈控制三个主要环节,确保了矿区生态安全管理模式运行的动态化、规范化与系统化。
[Abstract]:The problem of land ecological security caused by the exploitation of coal resources has aroused widespread concern from all walks of life. Therefore, to carry out accurate and scientific evaluation of the land ecological security in coal mining areas, in order to optimize the land use plan and establish the ecological security pattern of the land, is reasonable and sustainable. Efficient use of limited land ecological resources has important theoretical value and practical significance. Taking the ecological safety problem of coal mined-out area caused by the human behavior of coal mining as the research goal, taking the present situation of ecological security in Tanjiashan mining area as the research blueprint, the cumulative effect theory proposed by USCEQ is used. This paper analyzes the temporal and spatial accumulative evolution laws and characteristics of geological disasters, ecological environment and human settlement environment in Tanjiashan mining area, and studies the connotation and essential characteristics of ecological security in mining area. The concept of entropy and information entropy and the essential connotation of entropy increase in ecological security system are expounded, and based on the theory of dissipative structure and PSR concept of "pressure-state-response", the dissipative structure model of land ecological security in goaf of coal mine is established. The evaluation index system is established from three aspects of human behavior, natural environment and policy control. The linear threshold method is used to deal with the original data, and the grey correlation degree and grey information entropy of each index element are calculated. Finally, the total entropy change of the system is obtained. Taking the goaf of Tanjiashan coal mine as an example, the information entropy theory of dissipative structure is used to analyze the state process of land ecological security from 2005 to 2012. The results show that the information entropy value of the system year starts from positive to negative since 2010. However, the cumulative information entropy is positive, which indicates that the land ecological environment in the goaf of Tanjiashan coal mine has not reached the safety level, and it needs to be maintained or further improved for a long time on the existing basis. The main research results are as follows: 1) the ecological security system of mining area is a typical dissipative structure system. Human behavior (in this case coal mining) is always disorderly in terms of the state of land ecological security, which is represented by entropy production. Therefore, we must actively and effectively introduce negative entropy flow, such as improving the extraction technology, controlling the "three wastes" emissions, increasing investment in environmental protection, strengthening information monitoring, etc. In order to promote the ecological security dissipative system to maintain the ordered structure. 2) the linear threshold method is used to treat the raw data without any amount, and the information entropy weight is calculated, and the grey information entropy is obtained by quoting it into the calculation of grey correlation degree. Compared with the original fuzzy mathematics method and the analytic hierarchy process, the evaluation and analysis tool reduces the requirement for the qualitative analysis of the quantitative index data, and objectively reflects the relationship and the importance of the three dimensions of the ecological security system in the mining area. To make the analysis and evaluation more objective and operable. 3) obviously, the land ecological security system in coal mining area is a dynamic variable system which is always in a non-equilibrium state. The calculated results of the year information entropy can only reflect the state in this specified period, but this does not mean that it has reached a certain level. Under the guidance of dissipative structure theory, only through continuous improvement and continuous increase of negative entropy flow can the entropy change finally reach and remain in a negative order state. In order to realize the real goal of land ecological security in coal mine area. (4) put forward the feedback flow of the ecological security management mode of mining area based on PDCA, which includes three main links: feedforward control, synchronous control and feedback control. It ensures the dynamic, standardization and systematization of the management mode of ecological safety in mining area.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD79

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