深层卤水开采生命周期环境与经济集成评价

发布时间：2018-06-13 02:53

本文选题：生命周期评价 + 深层卤水开采　；参考：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：地下卤水中含有丰富的Na、K、Ca、Cl、Br等种化学元素,已被成熟的应用到提盐、制碱等化工产业中。深层卤水资源开采利用在当前的资源形势下有着广阔的发展前景。但在深层卤水开采过程中存在钻井泥浆泄漏、钻井固体废物不合理处置等环境污染问题,严重制约了深层卤水资源的开采利用。生命周期评价(LCA)作为一种有效的环境管理工具,可以科学全面的评价产品或生产活动在整个生命周期过程中所产生的潜在环境影响。从生命周期视角,对深层卤水开采进行环境与经济集成评价,在全面系统的识别和量化深层卤水开采全生命周期产生的环境与经济负荷的同时,也能够管理部门制定相关的产业政策提供科学客观的理论与数据依据。本论文的主要研究内容如下：(1)通过现场调研、数据监测以及文献调查等方法,构建了符合我国现状的深层卤水开采全生命周期清单(LCI)；(2)利用ReCiPe模型对深层卤水开采全生命周期环境影响进行评价；(3)对中间环境影响评价值进行归一化分析,识别深层卤水开采造成的主要潜在环境影响；(4)对造成主要潜在环境影响的关键因子(物质与流程)进行识别；(5)对选取的LCA方法以及关键环节进行敏感性分析；(6)利用生命周期成本分析法对深层卤水开采生命周期造成的经济负荷进行量化；(7)用生命周期环境与经济集成评价法对深层卤水开采全生命周期造成的环境与经济影响进行集成评价。本论文以黄河三角洲深层卤水开采示范工程为案例进行分析,编制了符合我国现状的深层卤水开采生命周期清单,深层卤水开采生命周期环境影响评价结果表明深层卤水开采造成的主要潜在环境影响是海洋生态毒性、人类毒性、淡水富营养化、淡水生态毒性和化石燃料耗竭。对造成主要潜在环境影响的关键因子进行识别的结果表明,钢材的消耗、电力的使用以及钻井过程产生的钻井废弃物是导致钻井过程主要潜在环境影响的关键；电力的消耗是采输卤过程主要潜在环境影响的关键。排放到水体中的钒和镍是导致深层卤水开采产生海洋生态毒性和淡水生态毒性的主要物质；排放到空气中的汞和水体中的砷是产生人类毒性的主要物质；煤炭的消耗是导致化石燃料耗竭的关键因素；排放到水体中的磷酸盐是导致淡水富营养化的关键物质。方法敏感性分析结果表明本论文选取ReCiPe法对黄河三角洲深层卤水开采进行生命周期影响评价,评价结果具有可靠性。此外,深层卤水开采生命周期成本分析结果表明,对于钻井过程,影响经济成本的关键是钢材与人工成本；对采输卤过程,影响经济成本的关键是电力成本。深层卤水开采生命周期环境与经济集成评价结果表明,控制钢材的消耗是钻井过程获得环境和经济双赢的关键措施；提高电力的利用效率是获得采输卤过程环境与经济双赢的关键措施。
[Abstract]:The underground brine is rich in chemical elements such as NaClClBr and so on, and has been used in the chemical industry of salt extraction and alkali making. The exploitation and utilization of deep brine resources have a broad development prospect under the current situation of resources. However, environmental pollution problems such as drilling mud leakage and unreasonable disposal of drilling solid waste during deep brine exploitation seriously restrict the exploitation and utilization of deep brine resources. As an effective environmental management tool, life cycle assessment (LCA) can comprehensively and scientifically evaluate the potential environmental impact of products or production activities in the whole life cycle process. From the point of view of life cycle, environmental and economic integration evaluation of deep brine mining is carried out, and the environmental and economic load generated by deep brine mining is identified and quantified in a comprehensive and systematic way. It can also provide scientific and objective theoretical and data basis for the establishment of relevant industrial policies. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) through the methods of field investigation, data monitoring and literature investigation, the whole life cycle inventory of deep brine mining is constructed in accordance with the present situation in China. (2) using ReCiPe model to evaluate the whole life cycle environmental impact of deep brine mining. (3) normalizing the assessment value of intermediate environmental impact and identifying the main potential environmental impact caused by deep brine mining; (4) Identification of key factors (substances and processes) that cause major potential environmental impacts. Sensitivity analysis of selected LCA methods and key links is carried out. Using life cycle cost analysis method to quantify the economic load caused by the life cycle of deep brine mining; (7) the environmental and economic impact caused by deep brine mining in the whole life cycle is evaluated by the method of integrated assessment of life cycle environment and economy. Taking the demonstration project of deep brine mining in the Yellow River Delta as a case study, the life cycle list of deep brine mining in accordance with the present situation in China is compiled. The results show that the main potential environmental impacts of deep brine exploitation are marine ecological toxicity, human toxicity, freshwater eutrophication, freshwater ecotoxicity and fossil fuel depletion. The results of identifying the key factors that cause the main potential environmental impacts show that the consumption of steel, the use of electric power and the drilling waste generated during drilling are the key factors leading to the main potential environmental impacts during drilling. The consumption of electric power is the key to the main potential environmental impact in the process of brine extraction and transportation. Vanadium and nickel released into water are the main substances that lead to marine and freshwater ecotoxicity in deep brine extraction, mercury in air and arsenic in water are the main substances that produce human toxicity; The consumption of coal is the key factor leading to the depletion of fossil fuels, and the phosphate discharged into the water body is the key material leading to the eutrophication of fresh water. The results of sensitivity analysis show that this paper selects ReCiPe method to evaluate the life cycle impact of deep brine extraction in the Yellow River Delta, and the evaluation results are reliable. In addition, the results of life cycle cost analysis of deep brine mining show that the key to the economic cost of drilling is steel and labor cost, and the key to the economic cost of brine extraction and transportation is the power cost. The result of integrated evaluation of environment and economy in the life cycle of deep brine mining shows that controlling the consumption of steel is the key measure to obtain the environment and economic win-win during drilling. Improving the utilization efficiency of electric power is the key measure to obtain the win-win of environment and economy in the process of brine extraction and transportation.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD871

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