底栖动物功能摄食类群对酸性矿山废水的响应

发布时间：2018-06-13 05:12

本文选题：底栖动物 + 功能摄食类群　；参考：《生态学报》2016年18期

【摘要】：为研究底栖动物功能摄食类群对酸性矿山废水的响应机理及高岚河硫铁矿对香溪河生态环境的影响状况,2006年9月、11月及2007年1月、3月、5月、7月对高岚河3个河段12个样点(受损河段G1—G3、恢复河段G4—G8、对照河段D1—D4)底栖动物进行了调研,同时测定了各样点水体金属含量(Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn、Fe、Al、Ca和Mg)、pH值、电导、水温、总溶解性固体、盐度、溶氧、流速、水深、水面宽度等理化指标。对3个河段底栖动物群落功能摄食类群群落结构及理化指标进行了对比分析,结果表明,受酸性矿山废水的影响,受损河段金属含量及电导、总固体悬浮物明显高于对照河段和恢复河段,受损河段pH值显著低于其他河段;而对照河段和恢复河段各项理化指标不存在明显差异。共采集底栖动物213种,隶属7纲,59科,四节蜉(Baetis sp.)、侧枝纹石蛾(Ceratopsyche sp.)、锯形蜉(Serratella sp.)和扁蜉(Heptagenia sp.)为研究区域优势类群;功能摄食类群相对丰度收集者最大,刮食者和滤食者次之,捕食者和撕食者最小,分别为48.8%、20.6%、17.0%、9.0%、4.7%。受损河段底栖动物各功能摄食类群密度和生物多样性指数明显低于对照河段和恢复河段,且组成相对单一;刮食者对酸性矿山废水反应最为敏感。非度量多维标度排序和多响应置换过程分析表明,受损河段底栖动物各功能摄食类群群落结构同对照河段和恢复河段存在较大差异,而对照河段和恢复河段群落结构相似性较高。典型对应分析发现,矿山酸性废水的排放是影响底栖动物功能摄食类群分布的主要因素。
[Abstract]:In order to study the response mechanism of zoobenthos functional feeding groups to acid mine wastewater and the influence of Gaolanhe pyrite on the ecological environment of Xiangxi River, the three sections of Gaolan River in September, November, and January, March, May and July of 2007 were studied. A survey of benthic animals in 12 sites (G1-G3, G1-G3, G4-G8, control D1-D4) was conducted. At the same time, the pH values, conductance, water temperature, total dissolved solids, salinity, dissolved oxygen, flow rate, water depth and water surface width were determined. The structure and physical and chemical indexes of functional feeding groups of benthic fauna communities in three reaches were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the metal content and conductance of damaged reach were affected by acid mine wastewater. The total solid suspended matter was significantly higher than that of the control section and the recovery section, and the pH value of the damaged reach was significantly lower than that of the other reaches, but there was no significant difference between the physical and chemical indexes of the control section and the restoration section. A total of 213 species of benthos, belonging to 59 families of 7 classes, Baetis sp., Ceratopsyche sp., Serratella sp. Heptagenia sp. In order to study the regional dominant group, the relative abundance of functional feeding group was the largest, the curetor and filter predator was the second, and the predator and avulsion were the smallest, which were 48.8% and 20.6%, 17.0% and 9.04.7g, respectively. The population density and biodiversity index of benthos in damaged reach were significantly lower than those in control section and restoration section, and their composition was relatively single, and the curetor was the most sensitive to acid mine wastewater. The analysis of non-metric multi-scale sorting and multi-response replacement process showed that the community structure of benthos in damaged reach was different from that of control and restoration reach. The similarity of community structure between the control reach and the restoration reach was higher. Typical correspondence analysis showed that the discharge of mine acid wastewater was the main factor affecting the distribution of functional feeding groups of benthos.
【作者单位】：枣庄学院生命科学学院;中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室;中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所国家林业局杭州湾湿地生态系统定位研究站;
【基金】：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07501002-007) 枣庄学院国家级基金预研究项目(2014YY03)
【分类号】：X751;Q958.8

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