露天矿山台阶深孔爆破效果评价方法研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 15:21

本文选题：台阶深孔爆破 + 高速摄影　；参考：《辽宁科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：露天台阶深孔爆破已经广泛应用于矿山、铁路、公路和水利水电工程,它的爆破效果不仅直接反映了爆破作业水平的优劣,同时也影响着矿山开采成本。文章在理论分析的基础上,结合现场试验数据,根据大孤山铁矿特有地质环境情况,提出了一种合理的爆破效果评价方法,其评价指标包括:冲炮数量、飞石距离、前冲量、振动大小、炸药单耗、后冲量、根底率以及矿石块度分布情况。该方法能够快速、合理的定量分析矿山爆破效果,为进一步的爆破方案优化提供合理的改进依据。论文的主要内容和成果如下:(1)首先,论文对我国铁矿业发展的现状进行了说明,并介绍了大孤山铁矿爆区的地质环境情况和爆破开采布孔、装药方式。(2)其次,在大孤山铁矿现场爆破试验中,应用高速摄影仪和爆破振动仪记录分析冲炮数量、飞石距离、前冲量和振动大小多项爆破参数指标。(3)然后,通过参考国内外相关文献资料,阐述了现阶段岩石爆破块度分布评价方法的应用现状,指出了现阶段主要的两种评价方法分别为直接测试法和间接测试法,同时对这两种评价方法进行了研究分析。在两种评价方法的基础上,提出了一种新的评价矿石块度分布的方法——垂直摄影标准照片评价法。通过在鞍钢矿业集团某选矿厂进行具体实践操作,从而验证其可行性。(4)最后,通过运用层次分析法对多项数据(冲炮数量、飞石距离、前冲量、振动大小、块度分布、炸药单耗、后冲量、根底率)进行权重分配,再结合矿山专家组分级打分原则,计算出矿山爆破效果最终得分值M,从而为大孤山铁矿爆破效果评价提供了一种简便合理的评价体系,有利于指导下一步的爆破生产。
[Abstract]:Open-pit bench deep-hole blasting has been widely used in mine, railway, highway, water conservancy and hydropower projects. Its blasting effect not only directly reflects the level of blasting operation, but also affects the mining cost. On the basis of theoretical analysis and field test data, according to the special geological environment of Dagushan Iron Mine, a reasonable blasting effect evaluation method is put forward in this paper. The evaluation indexes include the quantity of blasting gun, the distance of flying stone, the forward impulse. Vibration size, explosive unit consumption, back impulse, base rate and ore fragmentation distribution. This method can rapidly and reasonably analyze the blasting effect of mine and provide reasonable basis for further optimization of blasting scheme. The main contents and results of the paper are as follows: firstly, the paper explains the present situation of iron mining development in China, and introduces the geological environment of Dagushan Iron Mine explosion area and the blasting drilling layout, charging method. In the field blasting test of Dagushan Iron Mine, the blasting parameters such as the number of flushing guns, the distance of flying stones, the front impulse and the vibration are analyzed by using high-speed photography and blasting vibrator. Then, by referring to the relevant documents at home and abroad, This paper expounds the present application of the evaluation methods of rock blasting fragmentation distribution, and points out that the two main evaluation methods at present are direct test method and indirect test method, and at the same time, the two evaluation methods are studied and analyzed. On the basis of two evaluation methods, a new method for evaluating the distribution of ore fragmentation, the standard photo evaluation method for vertical photography, is proposed. Through the practical operation in a concentrator of Angang Mining Group, the feasibility of the method is verified. Finally, through the use of AHP to analyze a number of data (quantity of impact gun, distance of flying stone, front impulse, vibration size, block distribution, etc.) Explosive unit consumption, back impulse, base rate) weight distribution, combined with the mining expert group grading and scoring principle, The final score M of mine blasting effect is calculated, which provides a simple and reasonable evaluation system for blasting effect evaluation of Dagushan Iron Mine, and is helpful to guide the next blasting production.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD235

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