砂岩型铀矿勘查地电化学提取技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 20:07

本文选题：地电化学 + 砂岩型铀矿　；参考：《核工业北京地质研究院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：砂岩型铀矿是我国主要的铀矿类型之一,属全盲矿,找矿难度大。地电化学方法作为深穿透地球化学方法的分支之一,为隐伏铀矿勘查提供了新的技术手段。地电化学法主要借助于外加电场的将地表活动态的金属离子定向迁移至特制的接收装置,通过分析装置中的电解物,提取元素含量分布、组合及异常特征,从而发现与隐伏矿床有关的异常信息,达到找矿目的。目前该法用于寻找隐伏金矿、钨锡矿、铜矿等有色金属和贵金属的研究较多,对于隐伏的铀矿的研究却相对较少。从地电化学的理论出发,砂岩型铀矿具备地电化学找矿的理论基础。本论文主要开展了以地电化学方法为主的隐伏砂岩型铀矿勘查研究,分析了具有典型找矿意义的异常特征变化、成矿指示元素组合,解释它们内在的地球化学机理和地质含义,解析元素组合与铀矿体空间位置的关系及其迁移富集扩散规律。主要取得以下认识:(1)通过水地球化学模拟计算,总结了在砂岩型铀矿区土壤及地下水中铀元素的存在形式及迁移规律,认为在砂岩型铀矿上方地下水及土壤中铀离子会同时以带正电的铀酰离子和带负电的络阴离子存在,因此在进行地电提取时,采用双极提取的方式,即同时提取正极和负极所吸附的带电离子。(2)优选出了一套包括提取电压、吸附材料、泡塑负载剂、提取极距、采样深度及供电时间等在内的最佳技术参数组合;极棒材料选用碳纤维棒,最佳提取电压为9V,吸附材料为低密度聚氨酯泡塑,泡塑负载剂为TRPO(三烷基氧膦),提取剂为柠檬酸、柠檬酸铵,最佳提取距离为50~75cm,供电时间为6~18h。(3)通过氯化铵、柠檬酸和柠檬酸铵等多种地电提取剂的提取效果对比试验,认为氯化铵因浸出的U含量过低而并不适宜作为地电提取剂,而柠檬酸和柠檬酸铵能够在不破坏矿物晶格的情况下浸出与粘土吸附态U相近的U含量,均可以作为有效提取活动态U元素的环保型地电提取剂,能够有效将吸附态的铀离子从土壤中溶解出来,便于地电提取吸附,达到增强异常信息的目的。(4)研制了一种便携式多功能地电化学野外供电装置,具有多档电压可调、电量显示等多种功能,装置的定时自动断电功能也消除了干电池野外供电造成的各测点间不可避免的供电时间差异,有效保证了供电电压的稳定性和各测点间供电时间的一致性和准确性。(5)在二连盆地巴彦乌拉铀矿区和鄂尔多斯盆地大营铀矿区分别开展了地电化学方法应用试验,综合分析了已知铀矿床上地电化学方法的有效性,总结出了隐伏砂岩型铀矿上方地电提取异常的空间分布特征,认为在砂岩型铀矿体上方,地电提取U、Li、V等元素含量主要呈现为跳跃的锯齿状高值异常,建立了砂岩型铀矿地电化学找矿标志和模式。在鄂尔多斯盆地大营铀矿区的面积性应用试验结果表明,地电提取U、Sr、Li元素异常对埋深大于500m的深部隐伏砂岩型铀矿化信息具有较好的指示作用。
[Abstract]:Sandstone type uranium deposit is one of the main types of uranium in our country. It is a full blind ore, and it is difficult to find ore. As one of the branches of deep penetration geochemical method, the geoelectrochemistry method provides a new technical means for the exploration of hidden uranium ore. The GEOELECTROCHEMICAL method mainly transfers the dynamic metal ions from the ground surface to the special system by using the applied electric field. The receiving device, through the analysis of the electrolysis in the device, extracts the distribution, combination and abnormal characteristics of the element content, and finds out the abnormal information related to the concealed deposit, and achieves the purpose of prospecting. At present, this method is used to search for hidden gold, tungsten tin ore, copper ore and other nonferrous metals and precious gold genera, but the research on hidden uranium deposits is relative. Less. From the theory of geoelectrochemistry, sandstone type uranium deposits have the theoretical basis for geochemical prospecting. This paper mainly carried out the investigation of hidden sandstone type uranium deposits based on geochemistry, analyzed the abnormal characteristics of typical prospecting significance, the combination of metallogenic indicator elements, and explained their internal geochemical machines. The relationship between the combination of elements and the space position of uranium ore bodies and their migration and enrichment diffusion laws are analyzed. The following understanding is obtained: (1) the existence and migration of uranium elements in the soil and groundwater in the sandstone type uranium mining area are summed up by the simulation calculation of water geochemistry, and the groundwater and soil above the sandstone type uranium deposit are considered. The uranium ions in the soil will exist simultaneously with the positive uranyl ion and the negative electro anion with the negative electricity. Therefore, when the electric extraction is carried out, the bipolar extraction method is used to extract the charged ions adsorbed by the positive pole and the negative electrode. (2) a set of extraction voltage, absorption material, foam plastic load agent, extraction distance, sampling depth and supply are selected. The best technical parameters, such as electric time and so on, are selected as carbon fiber rods, the optimum extraction voltage is 9V, the adsorption material is low density polyurethane foam, the foam plastic load agent is TRPO (three alkyl phosphine oxygen), the extraction agent is citric acid, ammonium citrate, the optimum extraction distance is 50~75cm, the power supply time is 6~18h. (3) through ammonium chloride, citric acid and citric acid. The comparison test of the extraction effect of a variety of ground electric extraction agents, such as ammonium citrate, is that ammonium chloride can not be used as a geoelectric extractor because the U content of the leaching is too low, while citric acid and ammonium citrate can extract the U content similar to the clay adsorbed state U without destroying the lattice of mineral. All of them can be used as effective extraction of active U elements. The environment-friendly geoelectric extractor can effectively dissolve the adsorbed uranium ions from the soil, facilitate the extraction and adsorption of the earth, and enhance the abnormal information. (4) a portable multi-function field electric field power supply device has been developed, which has many functions such as multiple voltage adjustable, electric quantity display and so on. It also eliminates the inevitable difference in the power supply time between the measuring points caused by the field power supply of the dry battery, effectively guarantees the stability of the power supply voltage and the consistency and accuracy of the power supply time between each measuring point. (5) the application test of the GEOELECTROCHEMICAL method in the Bayan URU mining area of the two Lian basin and the great uranium mine in the Ordos Basin, respectively Based on the comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of the electrochemical methods for the known uranium deposits, the spatial distribution characteristics of abnormal electrical extraction above the concealed sandstone type uranium deposits are summarized. It is believed that above the sandstone type uranium orebody, the content of U, Li, V and other elements in the sandstone type uranium ore are mainly characterized by the high value anomaly of the leaping sawtooth, and the electrochemical prospecting for sandstone type uranium deposits has been established. The result of the area application test in the Daying uranium mining area in Ordos Basin shows that the geoelectric extraction of U, Sr and Li elements has a good indication of the deep buried hidden sandstone type uranium mineralization information which is deeper than 500m.
【学位授予单位】：核工业北京地质研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P619.14

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