大孔距小排距爆破技术在巴润矿裂隙岩层中的应用

发布时间：2018-06-23 08:11

本文选题：大孔距小排距 + 网孔参数　；参考：《内蒙古科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：爆破是矿山生产的首要环节，，降低爆破成本、提高爆破质量的爆破优化研究已成为许多爆破研究者的主要研究内容。对矿山而言，爆破优化设计是矿山生产的中心，是矿山生产中投资最大的一个环节。目前，国内外露天矿矿岩石开采普遍采用中深孔爆破技术，该项技术旨在解决如何提高爆破块度的均匀性，降低炸药单耗及器材的消耗量，以及降低矿石贫化率等实际问题。“大孔距小排距微差爆破技术”就是在这种背景下发展起来的。大孔距小排距爆破技术是指，在保持单孔负担面积基本不变或稍有增加的前提下，在一定范围内增大炮孔的密集系数的一种爆破方法。本文从岩石破碎机理出发，分析了目前国内外关于岩石爆破的几种主要理论，特别对目前国内外专家学者比较认可的冲击波和应力波反射拉伸破坏理论与爆生气体膨胀破坏理论，作以深入研究和系统的分析。结合现代爆破理论的基础之上，探讨了大孔距小排距微差爆破技术的基本原理，从理论研究上给出大孔距小排距爆破技术的科学依据，阐明大孔距小排距爆破技术的的科学性。岩石的破坏是一个复杂的动力学过程。研究表明，地质构造、岩石物理力学性质、爆破工艺技术影响着岩石的爆破效果，除此之外，影响岩石爆破效果的因素还有很多，而探索和研究这些影响爆破效果的因素，是爆破设计和优化的前提。所以本文在对岩石破坏机制的爆破理论分析之后，同时对影响爆破效果的主要因素进行了分析，包括岩石构造，岩石物理力学性质等，在本文中，特别对巴润矿矿岩的节理裂隙情况做了深入的实地调查和研究，利用钻机钻孔实际速度预测和计算矿岩的物理力学性质和矿岩的裂隙间距等矿岩结构参数，辅助设计爆破参数，由此提出了较传统网孔参数更大孔距更小排距孔网参数。同时对该技术中的装药结构、起爆方式进行了深入的研究。最终选择对巴润矿的传统爆破参数进行修正，采用大孔距小排距爆破技术。并通过控制单一变量的对比试验方法，对实验前后设计参数、效果参数逐一进行对比分析，试验证明，该爆破技术和各主要参数的研究方法是合理的，爆破后大块率和岩石的破碎均匀性明显改善，并在保证良好爆破效果的前提下，有效的降低炸药单耗量、提高延米爆破量，为矿山取得了良好的经济效益。
[Abstract]:Blasting is the most important link in mine production. To reduce blasting cost and improve blasting quality has become the main research content of many blasting researchers. For mine, blasting optimization design is the center of mine production and the largest investment in mine production. At present, the medium and long hole blasting technology is widely used in rock mining of opencast mines at home and abroad, which aims to solve the practical problems such as how to improve the uniformity of blasting fragmentation, reduce the consumption of explosive unit and material, and reduce the dilution rate of ore, etc. It is under this background that "small row distance blasting technology with large hole spacing" has been developed. The technology of large hole spacing and small row distance blasting is a blasting method which increases the density coefficient of the hole in a certain range on the premise of keeping the burden area of a single hole basically unchanged or slightly increasing. Based on the mechanism of rock fragmentation, this paper analyzes several main theories of rock blasting at home and abroad. In particular, the theory of shock wave and stress wave reflected tensile failure and the theory of explosion gas body expansion and failure, which are generally accepted by experts and scholars at home and abroad, are studied in depth and systematically analyzed. On the basis of modern blasting theory, this paper discusses the basic principle of large hole spacing and small row distance millisecond blasting technology, gives the scientific basis of large hole spacing and small row distance blasting technology from the theoretical research, and expounds the scientific nature of large hole spacing and small row spacing blasting technology. Rock failure is a complex dynamic process. The study shows that geological structure, physical and mechanical properties of rock and blasting technology affect the blasting effect of rock. In addition, there are many factors that affect the blasting effect of rock. It is the premise of blasting design and optimization. Therefore, after analyzing the blasting theory of rock failure mechanism, the main factors influencing blasting effect, including rock structure, rock physical and mechanical properties and so on, are analyzed in this paper. In particular, the paper makes a deep field investigation and study on the joint and fissure situation of ore rocks in Balun Mine. The actual velocity of drilling holes is used to predict and calculate the physical and mechanical properties of ore rocks and the fracture spacing of ore rocks, and to design blasting parameters. Therefore, the larger hole spacing and smaller row spacing hole network parameters than the traditional mesh parameters are proposed. At the same time, the charge structure and detonation mode of the technology are studied. Finally, the traditional blasting parameters of Balun Mine are modified, and the large hole spacing and small row spacing blasting technology is adopted. Through the contrast test method of controlling single variable, the design parameters and the effect parameters before and after the experiment are compared and analyzed one by one. The experiment proves that the blasting technique and the research method of each main parameter are reasonable. After blasting, the bulk rate and the uniformity of rock fragmentation are obviously improved. On the premise of ensuring good blasting effect, the explosive unit consumption is effectively reduced and the blasting quantity of extended rice is increased, which has obtained good economic benefits for the mine.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD235

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