高冲击韧性锚杆吸能减冲原理及应用

发布时间：2018-06-28 09:41

本文选题：巷道支护 + 冲击地压　；参考：《煤炭科学研究总院》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：本文针对目前冲击地压巷道的支护难题,以义马矿区常村煤矿为研究背景,采用实验室实验、数值模拟、理论分析与井下试验相结合的综合研究方法,对冲击地压巷道失稳破坏原因、煤岩体冲击载荷下的动态力学性质及高冲击韧性锚杆的抗冲击性能进行了研究,获得以下主要研究成果：(1)巷道开挖形成的煤岩体节理和裂隙,大大降低了煤岩体的完整性,使其应变率敏感性增强,进而增大了裂隙煤岩体的塑性变形能力；(2)高冲击韧性锚杆具有高强度、高冲击韧性及高延伸率,可以经受冲击地压所产生的冲击载荷,杆体可以在高强度下屈服吸能,具有良好的吸能减冲特性,且不易动载破断,高预应力可有效提高裂隙煤岩体的粘结力和抗滑力,使冲击载荷下裂隙煤岩体的塑性变形能力减弱,从而增强煤岩体的稳定性；(3)建立了高冲击韧性锚杆吸能减冲模型,分析了高冲击韧性锚杆防冲抗震的机理,提出了高抗冲击体的概念和高冲击韧性锚杆吸能减冲原理,高冲击韧性锚杆与巷道围岩组成了一个共同的高抗冲击体,采用高强度锚索,使高抗冲击体和深部岩体形成复合抗冲击体,增大围岩承载结构,增加锚固层厚度和强度,高强度锚索不但可以提供较大的承载载荷,且高强度锚索可以使高抗冲击体和深部岩体协调变形,避免冲击载荷作用下高抗冲击体的不协调变形而产生失稳破坏,复合抗冲击体随冲击波冲击方向整体高强度让压吸能,从而耗散冲击地压灾害释放的大量冲击能量；(4)基于高抗冲击体力学模型和能量耗散模型,确定了高抗冲击体防冲抗震的应力判据和能量准则,得出高冲击韧性锚杆与巷道围岩的协调变形(高抗冲击体)是耗散冲击地压能量的主要方式,通过提高锚杆的预紧力、强度、冲击韧性及支护密度等参数,可有效提高巷道围岩的抗冲击能力；(5)将研究成果进行了现场应用,解决了冲击地压巷道的支护难题,取得了良好支护效果,进一步验证了高冲击韧性锚杆吸能减冲原理的正确性。
[Abstract]:In this paper, aiming at the difficult supporting problem of impact ground pressure roadway, taking Changcun Coal Mine in Yima Mining area as the research background, the comprehensive research method of laboratory experiment, numerical simulation, theoretical analysis and underground test is adopted. In this paper, the failure reason of rock entry instability, the dynamic mechanical properties of coal and rock mass under impact load and the impact resistance of high impact toughness anchor are studied. The main research results are as follows: (1) the joints and fractures of coal and rock mass formed by tunnel excavation. The integrity of coal and rock mass is greatly reduced, the sensitivity of strain rate is enhanced, and the plastic deformation ability of fractured coal and rock mass is increased. (2) High impact toughness anchor rod has high strength, high impact toughness and high elongation. The bar body can yield and absorb energy under high strength, has good energy absorption and impact reduction characteristics, and is not easy to break under dynamic load. High prestress can effectively improve the cohesion and slide resistance of fractured coal and rock mass. The plastic deformation ability of fractured coal and rock mass is weakened under impact load, and the stability of coal and rock mass is enhanced. (3) the energy absorption model of high impact toughness bolt is established, and the mechanism of high impact toughness anchor is analyzed. The concept of high impact resistance body and the principle of energy absorption and impact reduction of high impact toughness anchor rod are put forward. The high impact toughness anchor rod and surrounding rock of roadway constitute a common high impact resistant body, and the high strength anchor cable is used. The high strength anchor cable can not only provide a large load, but also increase the bearing structure of surrounding rock, increase the thickness and strength of the anchoring layer, and make the high impact resistant body and deep rock mass form a composite shock resistant body, and increase the bearing structure of surrounding rock. And the high strength anchor cable can make the high impact body and the deep rock mass deform harmoniously, avoid the uncoordinated deformation of the high resistance impact body under the impact load and cause instability damage, and the composite shock resistant body makes the whole high strength energy absorption with the direction of shock wave impact. Therefore, a large amount of shock energy released by shock ground pressure disaster is dissipated. (4) based on the high shock resistance physical model and energy dissipation model, the stress criterion and energy criterion of high impact resistant body are determined. It is concluded that the coordinated deformation of high impact toughness anchor rod and surrounding rock of roadway (high shock resistance) is the main way to dissipate the energy of impact ground pressure. By improving the parameters such as pretightening force, strength, impact toughness and support density of bolt, etc. (5) the research results are applied in the field to solve the problem of supporting roadway under impact ground pressure, and good support effect is obtained. It further verifies the correctness of the principle of energy absorption and impact reduction of high impact toughness anchor.
【学位授予单位】：煤炭科学研究总院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD353.6

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