紫金山金铜矿排土场滑坡诱发机理及监测预警技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-30 19:00

本文选题：排土场边坡 + 滑坡　；参考：《北京科技大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：随着我国矿产资源的开发利用,矿山开采规模逐步扩大,露天矿山逐渐步入深部开采阶段,露天采场边坡及采选固体废弃物排放堆积边坡等矿山边坡的稳定性将是这个阶段我国矿山必须面对的一个重大问题。特别是近些年来,极端天气多发,由此而诱发的矿山边坡失稳事故呈多发态势,造成了巨大的生命及财产损失。因此,深入开展矿山边坡的稳定性研究对实现我国矿业安全、持久、健康发展具有重要的理论意义及深远的现实影响。研究首次尝试将陆基合成孔径雷达应用于矿山排土场边坡监测,结合雷达的监测特点及矿山工程的实际情况,对其选址及布设进行了初步的探索,对今后采用该技术手段进行矿山边坡监测的研究具有一定的借鉴意义。通过对排土场边坡空间范围内不同阶段滑坡体的变形监测信息分析,得到了排土场边坡失稳的空间演化规律及变形特征。提出了排土场滑坡发展从后缘拉裂缝形成,到纵向“多米诺”式推移,横向斜拉牵引,再到中转轴的逐步发展下移,直到突破口剪断的整个动态发展过程,并且指出排土场边坡坡体表面在滑体内外不同位置,在滑坡发生的整个阶段具有不同的变形规律。通过现场取样测试、室内相似模拟等手段,研究了不同降雨条件下排土场边坡破坏粒径组成结构的时空演化规律。在不同降雨强度下,排土场边坡颗粒流失规律会经历不同的阶段,对于较小的降雨强度,排土场边坡坡体表面会经历细颗粒流失阶段和径流阶段,而对于降雨强度为大暴雨的工况,排土场边坡会经历细颗粒流失阶段、溜滑及浅部侵蚀阶段和径流阶段,对于极端暴雨的工况,排土场边坡则经历了颗粒流失阶段、溜滑及浅部侵蚀阶段、径流阶段和失稳破坏阶段,而在相同降雨条件下,排土场不同部位颗粒流失上部较下部更为严重。最后,通过分析排土场滑坡体变形信息与降雨量的关系,提出了一种基于不等周期加卸载响应比的预警模型,该模型摒弃了以固定时间为周期划分依据的方式,而是以相邻连续的加载及卸载作用做为一个周期进行分析计算,通过分析表明,该预警模型不仅能有效减少计算量,同时又能避免关键响应特征丢失,进而起到及时准确预警的作用。
[Abstract]:With the development and utilization of mineral resources in China, the scale of mining has gradually expanded, and open-pit mines have gradually stepped into the stage of deep mining. The stability of mine slopes such as open-pit stope slope and solid waste discharge accumulation slope will be an important problem that our mines must face at this stage. Especially in recent years, there are frequent extreme weather conditions, which lead to frequent accidents of mine slope instability, resulting in huge loss of life and property. Therefore, it is of great theoretical significance and far-reaching practical influence to carry out the research on the stability of mine slope for the safety, lasting and healthy development of the mining industry in China. It is the first attempt to apply Land-based synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to the slope monitoring of mine dump. Combined with the characteristics of radar monitoring and the actual situation of mine engineering, this paper makes a preliminary exploration on its location and layout. It has certain reference significance for the study of mine slope monitoring by using this technique in the future. Based on the analysis of deformation monitoring information of landslide in different stages of dump slope, the spatial evolution law and deformation characteristics of dump slope instability are obtained. It is put forward that the development of dump landslide is from the formation of tension cracks in the rear edge to the vertical "domino" process, the horizontal diagonal traction, and then the gradual development and downward movement to the middle axis, until the whole dynamic development process of the breakthrough shear is achieved. It is also pointed out that the surface of slope body at the side of dump has different deformation laws in the whole stage of landslide. By means of field sampling and indoor similarity simulation, the temporal and spatial evolution of the structure of slope failure particle size in the dump under different rainfall conditions was studied. Under the different rainfall intensity, the grain loss law of the dump slope will go through different stages, for the smaller rainfall intensity, the slope surface will go through the fine particle loss stage and the runoff stage. When the rainfall intensity is heavy rain, the dump slope will go through fine particle loss stage, slip and shallow erosion stage and runoff stage, and for extreme rainstorm condition, the dump slope will go through particle loss stage. Sliding and shallow erosion stage, runoff stage and unstable failure stage, and under the same rainfall conditions, the upper part of different parts of the dump is more serious than the lower part. Finally, by analyzing the relationship between landslide deformation information and rainfall, an early warning model based on unequal period loading / unloading response ratio is proposed. The analysis results show that the early warning model can not only reduce the computational cost but also avoid the loss of key response features. And then play the role of timely and accurate warning.
【学位授予单位】：北京科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TD854.7

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