基于GIS的矿区地表变形规律与预测研究

发布时间：2018-07-02 09:07

本文选题：开采沉陷 + 构造应力　；参考：《江西理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：金属矿山由于其地质构造和采矿工艺的特点,矿区地表变形影响因素具有灰色性和复杂性,地表移动变形机理和时空演化规律的研究越来越受到重视。因此,基于GIS的地表变形规律研究和预测,实现对地表变形信息的三维可视化和时空演化规律研究,这对于矿区的安全生产提供重要的科学依据。基于地表现场监测数据,研究了走向观测线和倾向观测线上各监测点的位移变化规律,提出了地表变形预警区域,分析了水平移动和沉陷移动内在机理。应用GIS软件技术,生成了地表监测点3个不同周期的沉陷等值线图和剖面图,分析了地下开采与地表沉陷变化态势关系。针对地表变形影响因素的相关性和复杂灰色性,应用灰色关联分析方法,弄清了各影响因素对地表沉陷的关联程度。提出了基于PCA与BP组合预测的方法,简化了复杂的影响因素,同时保留了绝大部分的主成分信息,对地表移动变形的岩层移动角进行了预测。结果表明,提高了BP神经网络整体预测岩层移动角的稳定性和精确性,预测效果总体高于BP预测,预测结果的稳定性更为理想,绘出了矿区的地表移动范围,为矿山地表的工程布局提供决策支持。构建了自重应力和水平构造应力背景下的矿区三维数值模拟计算模型,模拟计算了两种背景下的地表在垂直方向的位移。以地表变形倾向观测线的1#线和4#线的地下开采时空顺序为典型背景,模拟计算地下开采过程中诱发的岩层移动变形规律,揭示了顶板上覆岩层的垂直变形对应跨度的演化过程。针对金属矿山构造应力存在的特点,考虑自重应力和构造应力迭加效应的影响,将地应力作为影响因素引入到地表移动变形预计模型中,以现有矿区开采区域进行地表变形预计,各观测线地表监测点预计结果与现场监测和数值模拟较为吻合。研究结果表明,基于GIS的地表变形规律和预测的研究,综合了现场实测、数值模拟和理论分析等研究手段,揭示了矿区地表沉陷机制和时空演化规律,为矿山的安全生产提供了技术支撑,对于辅助矿山实现高效生产这一目标意义重大。
[Abstract]:Because of the characteristics of geological structure and mining technology of metal mines, the influencing factors of surface deformation in mining areas are grey and complex, and the research on the mechanism of surface movement and deformation and the law of space-time evolution has been paid more and more attention. Therefore, the research and prediction of surface deformation law based on GIS can realize the three-dimensional visualization of surface deformation information and the study of space-time evolution law, which provides an important scientific basis for safe production in mining area. Based on the field monitoring data, the displacement variation law of each monitoring point on the trend observation line and the tendency observation line is studied, the early warning area of surface deformation is proposed, and the inherent mechanism of horizontal movement and subsidence movement is analyzed. By using GIS software technology, three subsidence isolines and profiles of three different periods of ground surface monitoring points are generated, and the relationship between underground mining and surface subsidence change situation is analyzed. Aiming at the correlation and complexity of the influencing factors of the surface deformation, the correlation degree of the influencing factors to the surface subsidence is clarified by using the method of grey correlation analysis. Based on the combination of PCA and BP, the method of prediction is presented, which simplifies the complicated factors and retains most of the principal component information, and forecasts the rock movement angle of the ground movement and deformation. The results show that the stability and accuracy of BP neural network for the whole prediction of strata moving angle are improved, the prediction effect is higher than that of BP prediction, and the stability of the prediction result is more ideal. The surface movement range of the mining area is plotted. It provides decision support for engineering layout of mine surface. The 3D numerical simulation model of mining area under the background of gravity stress and horizontal tectonic stress is constructed, and the vertical displacement of the ground surface under two kinds of background is simulated and calculated. Based on the spatio-temporal sequence of the observational line of the deformation tendency of the surface and the sequence of the underground mining in the field of the underground mining, the law of strata movement and deformation induced by the underground mining is simulated and calculated. The evolution process of the corresponding span of the vertical deformation of the overlying strata on the roof is revealed. In view of the characteristics of tectonic stress in metal mines, considering the influence of self-gravity stress and tectonic stress superposition effect, the in-situ stress is introduced into the prediction model of surface movement and deformation. Based on the prediction of surface deformation in existing mining areas, the predicted results of surface monitoring points of each observation line are in good agreement with field monitoring and numerical simulation. The results show that, based on the research of ground deformation law and prediction based on GIS, combined with field measurement, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, the mechanism of surface subsidence and the law of space-time evolution of mining area are revealed. It provides technical support for mine safety production and is of great significance to assist mine to achieve the goal of efficient production.
【学位授予单位】：江西理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD325

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