尖山磷矿爆破技术研究

发布时间：2018-07-06 12:25

本文选题：宽孔距小抵抗线爆破 + 临近边坡小孔径缓冲减震爆破　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着尖山磷矿露天开采范围的扩大,矿山生产压力越来越大,亟待改进生产爆破和削坡卸载爆破技术,提高爆破效率,维护东采区高边坡完整稳定。论文结合《邻近高陡边坡和村庄的复杂矿岩露天分层爆破技术的研究开发》课题展开试验研究,从2013年9月至2014年12月,历时1年多,在现场进行了多次宽孔距小抵抗线爆破试验,并结合矿山边坡二次削坡卸载进行了临近边坡小孔径缓冲减震爆破技术的研究。论文基于尖山磷矿现场爆破实践,设计出8x4m的宽孔距小抵抗线爆破方案,并进行了五次现场试验,效果良好：大块率降低10%～15%,大块的最大外形尺寸减小,实测振动速度基本没有增大,根底和超挖现象较少,采场底板较为平整,延米爆破量提高了16.4%,改善了爆破效果,提高了矿山的生产效率。针对尖山磷矿边坡的实际情况,提出了适合边坡削坡卸载的临近边坡小孔径缓冲减震爆破技术方案,加快了削坡卸载速度,同时有效保护了坡面平整和边坡安全,可节约预裂孔穿爆费用和后期破碎费用约200万元。该技术也可应用于以后的靠帮生产爆破,保护边坡完整稳定。基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对不同宽孔距小抵抗线爆破方案进行了数值模拟计算,验证了孔网参数8x4m的爆破方案合理可行。对边坡进行爆前爆后声波测试对比,结果表明爆破对边坡岩体几乎没有损伤；建立了以声速变化为特征的岩体爆破累积损伤数学模型,可对后续爆破造成的岩体损伤进行估算。
[Abstract]:With the expansion of the scope of opencast mining in Jianshan phosphate mine, the pressure of mine production is becoming more and more serious. It is urgent to improve the production blasting and slope unloading blasting technology, improve the blasting efficiency and maintain the integrity and stability of the high slope in the east mining area. The study, from September 2013 to December 2014, lasted for more than 1 years, carried out several wide hole distance small resistance line blasting tests on the site, and combined with the two slop unloading of the mine slope to study the small aperture buffer blasting technology near the slope. Based on the blasting practice in Jianshan Phosphate Mine, the paper designed a 8x4m wide hole distance small resistance line blasting. Five field tests have been carried out and the results are good: the mass rate is reduced by 10% to 15%, the maximum size of the large block is reduced, the measured vibration speed is basically not increased, the bottom and the over excavation are less, the bottom floor is more flat, the blasting quantity of the rice is increased by 16.4%, the blasting effect is improved and the production efficiency of the mine is improved. The production efficiency of the mine is improved. The production efficiency of the mine is improved. The production efficiency of the mine is improved in Jianshan. The actual situation of the phosphate rock slope is proposed, which is suitable for the slope and unloading near the slope and small aperture buffer blasting technique. It can accelerate the speed of cutting and unloading, and effectively protect the slope surface leveling and slope safety. It can save the cost of pre splitting Kong Chuan explosion and the later breakage cost about 2 million yuan. This technology can also be used in the future. Based on the ANSYS/LS-DYNA software, the numerical simulation calculation of the small resistance line blasting scheme with different wide spacing is carried out based on the software. The blasting scheme of the hole network parameter 8x4m is proved to be reasonable and feasible. The results show that the blasting has almost no damage to the rock slope after blasting. The mathematical model of cumulative damage of rock mass with fast changing characteristics can be used to estimate rock damage caused by subsequent blasting.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD235;TD871.3

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