济宁采煤沉陷区水土资源时空演变及引黄河泥沙充填复垦研究

发布时间：2018-07-07 10:59

本文选题：开采沉陷 + 积水解译　；参考：《中国矿业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济的快速发展,煤炭资源需求量变大,大面积煤炭资源开采后带来的水土资源问题也日益突出。本文基于地理信息、遥感及沉陷预测技术,结合济宁市的各项资料,重点探讨了采煤沉陷区时空演变对济宁水土资源的影响,并初步研究了引黄充填修复过程的约束机制和协调措施。通过研究得到如下成果:(1)构建了依据煤炭产量估算沉陷面积、体积的方法,结合概率积分法模型开发了任意形状工作面沉陷预计程序,对济宁市的沉陷情况进行了模拟和预测;运用遥感与地理信息技术等手段,建立了沉陷积水区提取模型,获取了济宁市1984~2013年枯水期的沉陷积水信息的变化情况。(2)根据开采沉陷预测结果和沉陷积水解译结果,分析了济宁市采煤沉陷时空格局及其变化规律,结果表明:随着采矿活动的增强,沉陷区的规模逐渐扩大,但增长速度不同年份差别较大,近年来由于“边沉陷边治理”等原因,增长速度开始放缓,沉陷区主要集中在任城、兖州、邹城、微山等地,由点向面逐渐扩大,在其他地区多呈零散不规则现状分布;沉陷积水面积与累计原煤产量、采矿点的分布密切相关,积水区主要分布在兖州、任城等地,且已逐渐连成一片。(3)采煤沉陷对地表汇流的影响源头在于地形、地势的改变,将开采沉陷预计与GIS水文分析相结合,建立了采煤沉陷区汇流范围提取模型和汇流积水计算模型,结合沉陷预计结果,分析了动态采煤过程与沉陷区地表汇流之间的关系,研究表明:沉陷区汇流面积、积水承载力和滞留水量随累计原煤产量的增加而日益增大,但增长幅度差别较大;沉陷区与地表径流的相对位置关系及自身地形、地势情况决定了沉陷区汇流面积和滞留水量的大小。(4)根据北部引黄充填治理区不同时期的引水量、需沙量,从引水取沙能力、引水取沙时间、管道输沙能力、泥沙充填排水工艺的角度分析了引黄充修复过程的约束机制并提出了相应的改进措施,研究表明:引水取沙能力能满足新增沉陷区的复垦需求,但不能满足现状年存量的复垦需求,可采用“先增量,后存量”的方法将存量逐步消化;由于黄河来水年内分布不均且春季大部分来水已被引用,复垦工程实施的时间应尽向汛期及冬季适当延长;管道输沙能力与复垦所需的输沙管道数量呈反比,可通过优选设备,优化参数的方法提高管道输沙能力;针对现有工艺存在的充填效率低等问题,拟采取“修筑交错田埂”等措施以加快泥沙沉降速度、提高排水效率;最后,针对复垦工程的排水渠道问题,提出了将水排至南水北调东线工程的输水河道等解决方案。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy, the demand for coal resources has become larger, and the problems of soil and water resources brought about by the exploitation of large areas of coal resources have become increasingly prominent. Based on the geographic information, remote sensing and subsidence prediction technology, combined with the data of Jining, this paper mainly discusses the influence of space-time evolution of coal mining subsidence area on water and soil resources in Jining. The restraint mechanism and coordination measures in the process of filling and restoration of the Yellow River diversion were preliminarily studied. The research results are as follows: (1) the method of estimating subsidence area and volume based on coal production is constructed. Combined with probability integration method, a program for predicting the subsidence of any shape working face is developed, and the subsidence situation in Jining is simulated and forecasted. By means of remote sensing and geographic information technology, the extraction model of subsidence water area is established, and the variation of subsidence water information during the dry season of 1984 ~ 2013 in Jining City is obtained. (2) according to the results of mining subsidence prediction and interpretation of subsidence water, This paper analyzes the temporal and spatial pattern of coal mining subsidence in Jining city and its variation law. The results show that with the increase of mining activity, the scale of subsidence area expands gradually, but the growth rate varies greatly in different years. In recent years, due to the reasons of "settlement and management", the growth rate began to slow down, the subsidence area mainly concentrated in Rencheng, Yanzhou, Zoucheng, Weishan and other places, gradually expanded from point to face, and distributed in other areas with scattered and irregular status; The area of water accumulation is closely related to the cumulative raw coal production and the distribution of mining sites, and the water accumulation area is mainly distributed in Yanzhou and Rencheng, and has gradually become one piece. (3) the influence of coal mining subsidence on the surface confluence lies in the topography and the change of topography. Combining the prediction of mining subsidence with GIS hydrological analysis, the model of extracting the confluence range of mining subsidence area and the calculating model of confluence water accumulation are established, and the relationship between dynamic mining process and surface confluence in subsidence area is analyzed in combination with the result of subsidence prediction. The results show that the confluence area of subsidence area, the capacity of water accumulation and the retention water increase with the increase of cumulative raw coal production, but the increase range is different, the relative position between subsidence area and surface runoff and its own topography, the relative position of subsidence area and surface runoff, The topographic condition determines the confluence area and the amount of residual water in the subsidence area. (4) according to the amount of water diversion, the amount of sediment required in different periods of the northern Yellow River diversion and filling control area, the capacity of water diversion and sediment extraction, the time of diversion and sediment collection, and the capacity of pipeline sediment transportation, From the point of view of sediment filling and drainage technology, the restraint mechanism of the process of recharge and restoration of the Yellow River diversion is analyzed and the corresponding improvement measures are put forward. The results show that the capacity of water diversion and sediment extraction can meet the demand of reclamation in the new subsidence area. However, it can not meet the reclamation demand of the current annual stock, so the method of "increment first, then stock" can be used to digest the stock gradually, because of the uneven distribution in the coming year of the Yellow River and the fact that most of the incoming water in spring has been quoted. The implementation time of reclamation project should be extended as long as possible in flood season and winter, the sediment transport capacity of pipeline is inversely proportional to the quantity of sediment pipeline needed for reclamation, and the sediment transport capacity of pipeline can be improved by means of optimizing equipment and optimizing parameters. In view of the low filling efficiency existing in the existing technology, we propose to take measures such as "constructing interleaved ridge of fields" in order to speed up the sedimentation speed of sediment and improve the drainage efficiency, finally, aiming at the drainage channel problem of reclamation project, This paper puts forward some solutions such as draining water to the east route of South-to-North Water transfer Project and so on.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD88

【参考文献】