矿泥对氯化钾正浮选过程的影响规律研究

发布时间：2018-07-08 19:49

本文选题：矿泥 + 正浮选　；参考：《山西大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：氯化钾是农业生产中一种重要的钾肥来源,以盐酸十八胺为捕收剂的正浮选法是我国生产氯化钾的主要方法。随着钾矿的开采过程中,大量低品位含泥钾矿不断产生,矿泥对氯化钾的生产效率有严重的影响。矿泥吸附在氯化钾表面阻止了氯化钾与盐酸十八胺的结合导致生产过程消耗大量药剂,且矿泥会与氯化钾一起浮出来导致氯化钾产品的纯度降低。本文针对矿泥对氯化钾正浮选生产的影响,以矿泥主要成分为研究对象,探究矿泥单独浮选与矿泥对钾矿浮出的影响规律及矿泥浮选的动力学与相图表征,主要研究结果如下:(1)取青海得固体钾矿进行矿质分析,结果表明矿泥的主要成分有长石、粘土、硫酸钙、碳酸钙等。在去离子水中用盐酸十八胺对不同种类的矿泥进行浮选,得出各矿泥的浮选规律曲线,结果表明石英与长石可被浮选,高岭土不可浮。在盐饱和溶液中用盐酸十八胺对钾矿进行浮选,得出浮选氯化钾在捕收剂浓度为1×10-4mol/L时回收率最高,氯化钠不能被捕收剂盐酸十八胺浮选,此结果与浮选理论相符。(2)考察矿泥种类与含量对氯化钾浮出的影响,探讨矿泥对钾矿浮选体系的影响机制。实验结果表明高岭土对氯化钾回收率的影响最大,长石次之,石英对氯化钾回收率的影响最小。长石、石英主要通过夹带方式影响氯化钾的收率,而高岭土由于其特殊的理化性质对氯化钾收率影响最大。在氯化钠溶液中进行高岭土浮选时,高岭土添加量的增加与氯化钠溶液浓度的提高均会增大溶液粘度与表面张力,导致浮选体系泡沫量的增多。(3)尝试用一级反应动力学与二级反应对力学对矿泥浮选进行模拟,结果表明浮选与化学反应机理相似,且石英与钾长石的浮选符合一级浮选动力学,钠长石与高岭土的符合二级浮选动力学。用水盐体系相图将矿泥对氯化钾浮选的影响进行表征,结果表明,根据相图中精矿线与尾矿线的收敛程度可判断矿泥对氯化钾收率的影响,收敛越大,对氯化钾回收率的影响越大。本研究揭示了矿泥主要成分对氯化钾正浮选生产的影响机制,为氯化钾实际生产提供依据,对解决我国钾资源缺乏的困境具备科学意义。
[Abstract]:Potassium chloride is an important source of potassium fertilizer in agricultural production. The positive flotation method with octadecylamine hydrochloride as collector is the main method for producing potassium chloride in China. With the mining process of potassium ore, a large number of low-grade mud potassium ores continue to produce, the sludge has a serious impact on the production efficiency of potassium chloride. The adsorption of ore mud on the surface of potassium chloride prevents the combination of potassium chloride and octadecylamine hydrochloride, which leads to the consumption of a large amount of chemicals in the production process, and the floatation of the ore mud with potassium chloride results in the decrease of the purity of potassium chloride product. In view of the influence of ore sludge on the production of potassium chloride positive flotation, this paper, taking the main components of ore slime as the research object, explores the influence law of ore slime flotation alone and slime on potassium ore floatation, and the kinetics and phase diagram characterization of ore sludge floatation. The main results are as follows: (1) the mineral analysis of the solid potassium ores from Qinghai shows that the main components of the slime are feldspar, clay, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate and so on. Using octadecylamine hydrochloride in deionized water, the flotation patterns of different kinds of slime were obtained. The results showed that quartz and feldspar could be floated and kaolin could not be floated. Potassium ore was floated in salt saturated solution with octadecylamine hydrochloride. The highest recovery rate of potassium chloride was obtained when the collector concentration was 1 脳 10 ~ (-4) mol / L, and sodium chloride could not be floated by the collector octadecylamine hydrochloride. The results are in agreement with the flotation theory. (2) the effects of the type and content of the slime on the floatation of potassium chloride are investigated, and the mechanism of the influence of the slime on the flotation system is discussed. The experimental results show that kaolin has the greatest influence on the recovery of potassium chloride, feldspar takes the second place, and quartz has the least effect on the recovery of potassium chloride. Feldspar and quartz mainly affect the yield of potassium chloride by entrainment, while kaolin has the greatest effect on the yield of potassium chloride because of its special physical and chemical properties. When the kaolin is floated in sodium chloride solution, the viscosity and surface tension of the solution will be increased with the increase of the addition amount of kaolin and the increase of the concentration of sodium chloride solution. The results show that the flotation mechanism is similar to that of chemical reaction, and the flotation of quartz and potassium feldspar accords with the first-order flotation kinetics. Albite and kaolin accord with the second order flotation kinetics. The effect of sludge on the flotation of potassium chloride was characterized by the phase diagram of water salt system. The results showed that according to the convergence degree of concentrate line and tailings line in phase diagram, the influence of sludge on the yield of potassium chloride could be judged, and the convergence was greater. The greater the effect on the recovery of potassium chloride. This study reveals the influence mechanism of the main components of ore sludge on the positive flotation production of potassium chloride, provides the basis for the actual production of potassium chloride, and has scientific significance for solving the dilemma of potassium resource shortage in China.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD923

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