谷歌卫图在复杂地表条件下地震勘探中的应用

发布时间：2018-07-10 16:40

本文选题：谷歌 + 卫图　；参考：《中国石油大学(华东)》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：从全球石油经济发展形势分析,油气供需矛盾日益严峻,我国自产油气与市场需求差额巨大,给国家石油经济安全带来了严重危机,因此,加快国内常规油气和非常规气资源的勘探开发迫在眉睫。然而,无论老油区的扩边挖潜,抑或新兴油气区的课题攻关,勘探区块内地表条件愈加复杂的现状,与高精度三维勘探、大城区勘探等新技术应用之间的冲突日益增大。如何在复杂地表条件下优质、高效地进行油气二次勘探和非常规气的勘探攻关,已成为当前勘探工作者主要任务之一,迫切需要找到新的渠道、新的方法对以往勘探方法进行改进,以提高勘探施工全过程各环节的生产效率和施工质量,同时,新的渠道、新的方法应满足低成本的要求。本论文通过对互联网免费提供的谷歌地图客户端进行研究,最终获取高分辨率的谷歌卫星图片,并应用于复杂地区地震勘探。通过跨专业研究,目前已取得以下关键性成果:(1)综合利用相关软件一次性获取到了谷歌地图瓦片并加工成高分辨率卫星图片;(2)对原始的卫星图片进行了坐标系统转换、几何精校正、高精度点位控制和范围切割;(3)根据油气勘探生产实际需要,收集到了各类勘探生产所需属性信息,并通过软件处理赋予给了卫星图片;(4)通过在苏北老油区和下扬子区两个复杂地表条件下的实践性应用,总结出了卫星图片在三个地震勘探项目(江苏海安地区三维地震采集、江苏黄桥地区三维地震采集、江苏句容地区三维地震采集)测量工序、观测系统设计、炮点布设和加密、生产组织等诸多方面的应用方法,效果极为显著。经过本次实践性应用研究,充分证实了利用免费谷歌地图加工成适合地震采集用的卫图的可行性,充分证实了自制卫星图片在复杂地区地震勘探采集中的重要作用:(1)能完全代替常规地形图用于物探测量作业;(2)能满足测线布设和室内观测系统的设计,尤其是提前变观设计,优化炮点布设和加密,能基本上消除室内设计与工区地表环境脱节的弊端;(3)在生产决策、群工协调、炮点钻井调度等方面均发挥了重要作用,有效确保了三个地震资料采集项目的施工成本控制,提高了复杂地表条件下的资料品质。
[Abstract]:From the analysis of the global petroleum economic development situation, the contradiction between supply and demand of oil and gas is becoming more and more severe, and the gap between self-produced oil and gas and market demand in China is huge, which brings a serious crisis to the national oil economic security. It is urgent to speed up the exploration and development of domestic conventional oil and gas and unconventional gas resources. However, no matter the expanding edge of the old oil area or the new oil and gas area, the status quo of the increasingly complicated surface conditions in the exploration block is increasingly conflicting with the application of new technologies such as high-precision three-dimensional exploration and exploration in the big urban area. How to carry out high quality and high efficiency secondary exploration and exploration of unconventional gas under complex surface conditions has become one of the main tasks of current exploration workers, and it is urgent to find new channels. The new method improves the former exploration methods in order to improve the production efficiency and construction quality of every link in the whole process of exploration and construction. At the same time, the new channel and new method should meet the requirements of low cost. In this paper, the Google Maps client, which is provided free of charge on the Internet, is studied to obtain high resolution Google satellite images, and it is applied to seismic exploration in complex areas. Through cross-professional research, the following key achievements have been achieved: (1) the integrated use of related software to obtain Google Maps tiles and processed into high-resolution satellite images; (2) the original satellite images were converted into coordinate system. Geometric precision correction, high precision point position control and range cutting. (3) according to the actual needs of oil and gas exploration and production, the attribute information needed for all kinds of exploration and production has been collected. The satellite images are given by software processing. (4) through the practical application in the two complex surface conditions of the old oil area and the lower Yangtze area of northern Jiangsu Province, three seismic exploration projects (3D seismic acquisition in Haian area, Jiangsu Province) are summarized. The application methods of 3D seismic acquisition in Huangqiao area of Jiangsu Province and three dimensional seismic acquisition in Jurong area of Jiangsu Province are very effective, such as the procedure of surveying, the design of observation system, the placement and encryption of gun points, the production organization and so on. Through this practical application study, the feasibility of using free Google Maps to process the satellite map suitable for seismic acquisition has been fully confirmed. The important role of self-made satellite images in seismic exploration and acquisition in complex areas is fully confirmed: (1) it can completely replace conventional topographic maps for geophysical survey operations; (2) it can satisfy the design of line layout and indoor observation system, especially the design of early observation. Optimizing the layout and encryption of gun points can basically eliminate the drawbacks of interior design and surface environment disconnection in the working area. (3) it plays an important role in production decision making, coordination of group workers, drilling scheduling of gun spot, etc. It can effectively ensure the construction cost control of three seismic data acquisition projects and improve the data quality under complex surface conditions.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.4

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